Bistable energy harvesters (BEHs) have been extensively explored from the perspective of potential energy. However, few studies have investigated other energy dimensions or proposed optimization routes beyond potential barrier modification. This study presents BEH's total energy analysis framework, incorporating both potential and kinetic energy (Ep and Ek, respectively). Theoretically, these two energy dimensions orthogonally compose the three-dimensional phase space for the total energy (Et). This framework provides additional viewing angles when Ep = const to interpret the BEH's power capacity and suggests an alternative optimization route of improving Ek, which demonstrates a better effect than improving Ep due to the presence of attractors. Based on the total energy analysis framework, impetus injected BEH (IIBEH) is proposed to improve Ek and boost output power by reducing the slope of the restoring force outside the potential barrier. This overcomes the limitation that improving Ek must trigger a velocity disturbance, which is often uncontrollable or impractical in field energy harvesting applications. Experimentally, with only an 8.82% difference in restoring force slope, the IIBEH increases root mean square voltage by 47.75% and average power by 118.43% compared to the conventional BEH.

中文翻译：

---

总能量分析：注入动力的双稳态振动能量收集器


双稳态能量收集器 （BEH） 已从势能的角度进行了广泛的探索。然而，很少有研究调查其他能量维度或提出超越潜在势垒修饰的优化路线。本研究提出了 BEH 的总能量分析框架，包括势能和动能（分别为 Ep 和 Ek）。从理论上讲，这两个能量维度正交地构成了总能量 （Et） 的三维相空间。当 Ep = const 时，该框架提供了额外的视角来解释 BEH 的功率容量，并提出了一种提高 Ek 的替代优化路线，由于吸引子的存在，它比提高 Ep 的效果更好。基于总能量分析框架，提出了动力注入 BEH （IIBEH），通过减小潜在势垒外恢复力的斜率来提高 Ek 并提高输出功率。这克服了提高 Ek 必须触发速度干扰的限制，而速度干扰在场能收集应用中通常是不可控或不切实际的。实验上，在恢复力斜率仅相差 8.82% 的情况下，与传统 BEH 相比，IIBEH 增加了 47.75% 的均方根电压和 118.43% 的平均功率。