This article proposes an innovative process for extracting green propolis polyphenols, integrating real-time monitoring while adhering to green practices. This development is significant due to the complex propolis composition that requires extensive extraction and analytical methods, leading to an environmental impact. The study employed pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) combined with photodiode array detection (PDA) to simultaneously recover and quantify polyphenolic compounds from green propolis. The process was fully optimized regarding operational extraction variables, specifically the solvent-to-feed ratio, solvent composition, and temperature. An exhaustive extraction was achieved using ethanol as solvent, at 130 °C, 2 mL·min^–1 solvent flow rate, and 1500 psi, resulting in a total polyphenolic content of 148 mg·g_propolis^–1 in 35 min. Additionally, the ability to quantify the signal obtained by the PDA represents a significant advancement in real-time monitoring processes, reducing the need for toxic solvents typically required in offline chromatographic analysis and shortening extraction times. The optimized method achieved a high green analytical score of 0.9 (AGREE) and a Path2Green score of 0.477, demonstrating strong adherence to the 12 principles of green analytical chemistry and green extraction, respectively. Also, high Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) of 85.0 is present, demonstrating great practicality and applicability of the method. This work highlights an innovative technique, opening new perspectives for future innovations, even when complex matrices are studied.

中文翻译：

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通过在线加压液体萃取与光电二极管阵列检测 （PLE-PDA） 联用实时提取和分析绿蜂胶中多酚的可持续创新方法


本文提出了一种提取绿色蜂胶多酚的创新工艺，在坚持绿色实践的同时整合实时监测。由于蜂胶组成复杂，需要广泛的提取和分析方法，从而导致环境影响，因此这一发展意义重大。该研究采用加压液体萃取 （PLE） 结合光电二极管阵列检测 （PDA） 同时从绿色蜂胶中回收和定量多酚化合物。该工艺在操作萃取变量方面进行了全面优化，特别是溶剂与补料比、溶剂组成和温度。以乙醇为溶剂，在 130 °C、2 mL·min^–1 溶剂流速和 1500 psi 下实现穷举萃取，在 35 min 内得到 148 mg·g_蜂胶^–1 的总多酚含量。此外，定量 PDA 获得的信号的能力代表了实时监测过程的重大进步，减少了离线色谱分析中通常需要的有毒溶剂的需求，并缩短了萃取时间。优化后的方法获得了 0.9 （AGREE） 和 Path2Green 评分 0.477 的高绿色分析评分，分别表明对绿色分析化学和绿色提取 12 项原则的强烈遵守。此外，Blue Applicability Grade Index （BAGI） 高达 85.0，证明了该方法的实用性和适用性。这项工作突出了一项创新技术，为未来的创新开辟了新的前景，即使在研究复杂矩阵时也是如此。