Continuous monitoring of acute inflammation can become a very important next step for guiding therapeutic interventions in severely ill patients. This Perspective discusses the current medical need for patients with acute inflammatory diseases and the potential of continuous biosensing technologies. First, we discuss biomarkers that could help to monitor the state of a patient with acute systemic inflammation based on theoretical studies and empirical data. Then, based on the state of the art, we describe sensing strategies that could be applied for the continuous monitoring of acute inflammatory biomarkers, followed by challenges that must be overcome. Nanoswitch-based continuous biosensors enable suitable measurement frequencies but still lack sensitivity, while regeneration risks lower sensor reliability. Developments are still needed in bioreceptors and molecular architectures, regeneration techniques, combined with suitable sampling and sample pretreatment methods, for bringing continuous biosensing of inflammation closer to reality. Furthermore, collaborations between healthcare professionals and scientists, regulatory bodies, and biosensor engineers are needed for a successful translation of sensing technologies from the laboratory to clinical practice.

中文翻译：

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用于监测急性全身性炎症的连续生物传感，这是治疗指导的诊断需求


持续监测急性炎症可以成为指导重症患者治疗干预的非常重要的下一步。本观点讨论了急性炎症性疾病患者当前面临的医疗需求以及连续生物传感技术的潜力。首先，我们根据理论研究和实证数据讨论了有助于监测急性全身性炎症患者状态的生物标志物。然后，根据最新技术，我们描述了可用于持续监测急性炎症生物标志物的传感策略，然后是必须克服的挑战。基于纳米开关的连续生物传感器可实现合适的测量频率，但仍然缺乏灵敏度，而再生风险会降低传感器的可靠性。生物受体和分子结构、再生技术仍需发展，并结合合适的采样和样本预处理方法，以使炎症的连续生物传感更接近现实。此外，需要医疗保健专业人员和科学家、监管机构和生物传感器工程师之间的合作，才能将传感技术从实验室成功转化为临床实践。