The development of catalytic technologies for sustainable energy conversion is a critical step toward addressing fossil fuel depletion and associated environmental challenges. High-efficiency catalysts are fundamental to advancing these technologies. Recently, field-effect facilitated catalytic processes have emerged as a promising approach in energy and environmental applications, including water splitting, CO₂ reduction, nitrogen reduction, organic electrosynthesis, and biomass recycling. Field-effect catalysis offers multiple advantages, such as enhancing localized reactant concentration, facilitating mass transfer, improving reactant adsorption, modifying electronic excitation and work functions, and enabling efficient charge transfer and separation. This review begins by defining and classifying field effects in catalysis, followed by an in-depth discussion on their roles and potential to guide further exploration of field-effect catalysis. To elucidate the theory-structure-activity relationship, we explore corresponding reaction mechanisms, modification strategies, and catalytic properties, highlighting their relevance to sustainable energy and environmental catalysis applications. Lastly, we offer perspectives on potential challenges that field-effect catalysis may face, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding and future direction for this emerging area.

中文翻译：

---

能源与环境催化中场效应的展望


开发用于可持续能源转换的催化技术是解决化石燃料枯竭和相关环境挑战的关键一步。高效催化剂是推进这些技术的基础。最近，场效应促进催化过程已成为能源和环境应用中一种很有前途的方法，包括水分解、二氧化碳还原、氮还原、有机电合成和生物质回收。场效应催化具有多种优势，例如提高局部反应物浓度、促进传质、改善反应物吸附、修改电子激发和功函数以及实现高效的电荷转移和分离。本文首先对催化中的场效应进行定义和分类，然后深入讨论它们的作用和潜力，以指导进一步探索场效应催化。为了阐明理论-构-活的关系，我们探讨了相应的反应机理、修饰策略和催化性质，强调了它们与可持续能源和环境催化应用的相关性。最后，我们就场效应催化可能面临的潜在挑战提供了观点，旨在为这一新兴领域提供全面的理解和未来方向。