Indoor air quality (IAQ) significantly affects human health, with pollutants such as organic, inorganic substances, and biological contaminants contributing to various respiratory, neurological, and immunological diseases. In this review, we highlighted the need for advanced air filtration technologies to mitigate these pollutants, which are emitted from household products, building materials, combustion processes, and bioaerosols. While traditional HVAC systems and mechanical filtration methods have been effective, they are often energy-intensive and limited in their ability to capture specific pollutants. To address these limitations, nanotechnology-based air filtration technologies, particularly those utilizing electrospinning processes, offer promising alternatives. This review classifies pollutants and details the working principles of next-generation filters, focusing on passive, self-powered, and externally powered mechanisms. These advanced filters achieve high filtration efficiency with minimal pressure drop, enhanced pollutant capture, and in some cases, health monitoring capabilities. This review emphasizes the significance of ongoing research into eco-friendly and sustainable filtration systems to enhance IAQ and minimize health risks linked to long-term exposure to indoor air pollutants.

中文翻译：

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新一代空气过滤纳米技术，改善室内空气质量


室内空气质量 （IAQ） 对人类健康有重大影响，有机、无机物质和生物污染物等污染物会导致各种呼吸、神经和免疫疾病。在这篇综述中，我们强调了需要先进的空气过滤技术来减轻这些污染物，这些污染物来自家居用品、建筑材料、燃烧过程和生物气溶胶。虽然传统的 HVAC 系统和机械过滤方法很有效，但它们通常是能源密集型的，并且捕获特定污染物的能力有限。为了解决这些限制，基于纳米技术的空气过滤技术，特别是那些利用静电纺丝工艺的技术，提供了有前途的替代方案。这篇综述对污染物进行了分类，并详细介绍了下一代过滤器的工作原理，重点介绍了被动、自供电和外部供电机制。这些先进的过滤器以最小的压降实现高过滤效率，增强污染物捕获，在某些情况下，还能实现健康监测功能。本综述强调了对环保和可持续过滤系统进行持续研究的重要性，以增强 IAQ 并最大限度地减少与长期暴露于室内空气污染物相关的健康风险。