Extreme coronal-line emitters (ECLEs) are objects showing transient high-ionization lines in the centers of galaxies. They have been attributed to echoes of high-energy flares of ionizing radiation, such as those produced by tidal disruption events (TDEs), but have only recently been observed within hundreds of days after an optical transient was detected. AT 2022upj is a nuclear UV–optical flare at z = 0.054, with spectra showing [Fe x] λ6375 and [Fe xiv] λ5303 during the optical peak, the earliest presence of extreme coronal lines during an ongoing transient. AT 2022upj is also the second ever ECLE (and the first with a concurrent flare) to show broad He iiλ4686 emission, a key signature of optical/UV TDEs. We also detect X-ray emission during the optical transient phase, which may be related to the source of ionizing photons for the extreme coronal lines. Finally, we analyze the spectroscopic evolution of each emission line and find that [Fe x] and [Fe xiv] weaken within 400 days of the optical peak, while [Fe vii] λ5720, [Fe vii] λ6087, and [O iii] λλ4959,5007 emerge over the same period. The velocities of the iron lines indicate circumnuclear gas within 0.1 pc of the central supermassive black hole (SMBH), while a dust echo inferred from NEOWISE data indicates that circumnuclear dust lies a minimum of 0.4 pc away, providing evidence of stratified material around an SMBH. AT 2022upj is thus the first confirmed ECLE–TDE with clear signatures of both classes and with spectroscopic evolution on a ∼year-long timescale. This event helps unveil the impacts of highly energetic flares such as TDEs on the complex environments around SMBHs.

中文翻译：

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用潮汐干扰事件和极端日冕线发射器绘制超大质量黑洞环境的内部 0.1 pc，AT 2022upj


极端日冕线发射器 （ECLE） 是在星系中心显示瞬态高电离线的天体。它们被归因于电离辐射的高能耀斑的回波，例如潮汐破坏事件 （TDE） 产生的回波，但直到最近才在检测到光瞬变后的数百天内被观察到。AT 2022upj 是 z = 0.054 处的核紫外光耀斑，光谱在光峰值期间显示 [Fe x] λ6375 和 [Fe xiv] λ5303，这是在持续瞬变期间最早出现的极端日冕线。AT 2022UPJ 也是有史以来第二个显示宽 He iiλ4686 发射的 ECLE（也是第一个同时出现耀斑的 ECLE），这是光学/UV TDE 的关键特征。我们还在光学瞬态阶段检测 X 射线发射，这可能与极端日冕线的电离光子来源有关。最后，我们分析了每条发射线的光谱演变，发现 [Fe x] 和 [Fe xiv] 在光峰后的 400 天内减弱，而 [Fe vii] λ5720、[Fe vii] λ6087 和 [O iii] λλ4959,5007 在同一时期出现。铁线的速度表明核周围气体距离中心超大质量黑洞 （SMBH） 不到 0.1 pc，而从 NEOWISE 数据推断的尘埃回波表明核周围尘埃至少距离 0.4 %，这提供了 SMBH 周围分层物质的证据。因此，AT 2022upj 是第一个被证实的 ECLE-TDE，具有两类的明确特征，并且在长达一年的时间尺度上具有光谱演化。该活动有助于揭示 TDE 等高能耀斑对 SMBH 周围复杂环境的影响。