Recently, a paradigm shift toward the tremendous use of portable and mobile consumer products is observed and it consequently increases the battery demand. Currently, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are used in almost all kinds of devices, however, the increased usage of LIBs raises some safety concerns. For safe operation, it is necessary to investigate the all important chemical and physical features of LIBs. Several mathematical models are proposed such as equivalent circuit models (ECMs), physics‐based ECM and electrochemical models (EMs). Among them pseudo‐two‐dimensional (P2D) model is most famous and comprehensive physics‐based EM and used frequently to study the battery electrochemical phenomena. Hence, the focus of this review work is to summarize the reported literature on the P2D model governing laws, its simplified models, coupled models, solution techniques, parameter analysis, and its applications. The literature survey shows that the P2D and its simplified models are very helpful to analyze the important aspects of LIBs such as state of charge, state of health, recycling, battery manufacturing and design etc. Also, it can be seen that no single model can be fit to study every aspect of LIBs and design a comprehensive battery management system (BMS) but different models can be used to address the specific applications.

中文翻译：

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伪二维 （P2D） 模型的全面综述：模型开发、解决方案方法和应用


最近，观察到便携式和移动消费产品的范式转变，因此增加了电池需求。目前，锂离子电池 （LIB） 几乎用于所有类型的设备，但是，LIB 使用量的增加引发了一些安全问题。为了安全操作，有必要研究 LIBS 的所有重要化学和物理特性。提出了几种数学模型，例如等效电路模型 （ECM）、基于物理的 ECM 和电化学模型 （EM）。其中，伪二维 （P2D） 模型是最著名和最全面的基于物理的电磁，经常用于研究电池电化学现象。因此，本综述工作的重点是总结有关 P2D 模型支配规律、其简化模型、耦合模型、求解技术、参数分析及其应用的文献。文献调查表明，P2D 及其简化模型对分析 LIBS 的重要方面非常有帮助，例如充电状态、健康状态、回收利用、电池制造和设计等。此外，可以看出，没有一个模型可以适合研究 LIB 的各个方面并设计一个全面的电池管理系统 （BMS），但可以使用不同的模型来解决特定的应用。