Superwetting membranes with high water flux and multiple functions are desirable in industry. Herein, a one-step electrospinning strategy is proposed for constructing electrospun cellulose nanofibrous membranes containing numerous particulate polydopamine (PDA) molecules, using ethanol to delay the polymerisation rate of dopamine (DA). The effects of ethanol on the particulate PDA formation and the membrane’s pore sizes were discussed in detail. Notably, the hydrophilic particulate PDA anchored on the fibres enhanced surface roughness, thus improving the hydrophilicity of the membranes. Moreover, with an increase in the DA dosage, the pore size of the membrane decreased, while the water flux for the oil/water mixture was maintained. In addition, the as-prepared membrane could efficiently separate small-sized oil/water emulsions and particulate matter with separation efficiencies greater than 99 % because of its narrow pore size distribution and high hydrophilicity (water contact angle of ∼0°). Due to the adsorption sites on PDA, the membrane could also separate dyeing wastewater containing emulsified oils, particles, and dyes. This work offers a feasible approach to addressing the limitations of conventional electrospun polymer membranes, such as complex preparation processes, low water flux at small pore sizes, and limited ability to separate multiple types of pollutants.

中文翻译：

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一步法制备具有锚定颗粒聚多巴胺的纤维素纳米纤维膜，用于多功能油/水分离


具有高水通量和多种功能的超润湿膜在工业中是理想的。在此，提出了一种一步静电纺丝策略，用于构建含有大量颗粒聚多巴胺 （PDA） 分子的静电纺丝纤维素纳米纤维膜，使用乙醇来延迟多巴胺 （DA） 的聚合速率。详细讨论了乙醇对颗粒 PDA 形成和膜孔径的影响。值得注意的是，锚定在纤维上的亲水颗粒 PDA 增强了表面粗糙度，从而提高了膜的亲水性。此外，随着 DA 剂量的增加，膜的孔径减小，而油/水混合物的水通量保持不变。此外，由于其孔径分布窄和高亲水性（水接触角 ∼0°），所制备的膜可以有效地分离小尺寸的油/水乳液和颗粒物，分离效率大于 99%。由于 PDA 上的吸附位点，该膜还可以分离含有乳化油、颗粒和染料的染色废水。这项工作提供了一种可行的方法来解决传统静电纺丝聚合物膜的局限性，例如复杂的制备过程、小孔径下的低水通量以及分离多种污染物的能力有限。