Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have demonstrated outstanding potential as energy harvesters and sensors for future wearable electronics. However, TENGs still require major improvements in their theory and optimization, especially for the sliding‐mode designs. Addressing this gap, a novel theoretical model based on the distance‐dependent electric field (DDEF) theory for sliding mode TENGs is presented here. The model is used to simulate the electrical outputs and impedance behaviour of a sliding mode TENG, and the results are verified experimentally. The outcomes indicate that compared to existing theoretical models, this new model provides higher accuracy in representing experimental TENG. Next, all the primary parameters (material, structural and motion parameters) which affect the sliding mode TENG are analyzed, uncovering new optimization strategies and more comprehensive parametric analysis compared to previous models. More importantly, the theoretical approach is equally applicable to sliding mode TENG as well as contact‐separation mode TENG. This eliminates the need for bespoke capacitor models for each TENG type, leading to a universal theoretical platform for TENGs. The new model facilitates cross‐comparison between different TENG working modes, uncovering a range of previously unreported output trends. Hence, this work significantly expands the understanding of TENGs, paving way to more efficient future device designs.

中文翻译：

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滑模摩擦纳米发电机的距离相关电场理论


摩擦纳米发电机 （TENG） 已显示出作为未来可穿戴电子产品的能量收集器和传感器的巨大潜力。然而，TENG 仍然需要对其理论和优化进行重大改进，尤其是对于滑模设计。为了解决这一差距，本文提出了一种基于距离依赖性电场 （DDEF） 理论的新型滑动模式 TENG 理论模型。该模型用于模拟滑模 TENG 的电输出和阻抗行为，并通过实验验证了结果。结果表明，与现有的理论模型相比，这种新模型在表示实验 TENG 方面提供了更高的准确性。接下来，分析影响滑模 TENG 的所有主要参数（材料、结构和运动参数），与以前的模型相比，发现了新的优化策略和更全面的参数分析。更重要的是，该理论方法同样适用于滑模 TENG 和接触分离模式 TENG。这消除了为每种 TENG 类型定制电容器模型的需求，从而为 TENG 提供了一个通用的理论平台。新模型有助于不同 TENG 工作模式之间的交叉比较，揭示一系列以前未报告的产出趋势。因此，这项工作显着扩展了对 TENG 的理解，为更高效的未来器件设计铺平了道路。