South Korea’s declining fertility rate has led to numerous school closures, particularly in rural areas. Many of these shuttered schools, especially those designated as National Registered Cultural Heritage, face significant reuse challenges due to outdated infrastructure and strict preservation regulations. Common issues include poor insulation, energy inefficiency, and high carbon emissions, complicating modern adaptations. Moreover, the Cultural Heritage Protection Law limits structural modifications, hindering effective remodeling. This study explores strategies for remodeling closed schools designated as National Registered Cultural Heritage, focusing on enhancing energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions while complying with preservation laws. A case study of a 1930 s school registered as National Cultural Heritage was conducted, using performance diagnostics such as thermal transmittance, airtightness, and indoor air quality measurements before and after remodeling. Results showed a substantial improvement in thermal transmittance, from 1.47 W/m2K to 0.38 W/m2K, and a significant reduction in air leakage, from 606.4/h to 11.0/h. This resulted in a 29 % decrease in total energy consumption, from 190.7 kWh/m2 to 135.1 kWh/m2. Simulations suggest energy use could potentially drop to 104.4 kWh/m2 with in depth remodeling. Additionally, the study examined potential efficiency gains if the Cultural Heritage Protection Law were amended to allow more extensive modernization. Findings indicated that remodeling under revised legal constraints could lower embodied carbon by 32.6 %. Overall, the research highlights the need for legislative changes to fully enhance the energy performance of culturally significant buildings while preserving their historical integrity.

中文翻译：

---

通过改造封闭的学校建筑，优化能源效率和国家遗产的可持续利用


韩国不断下降的生育率导致许多学校关闭，尤其是在农村地区。由于过时的基础设施和严格的保护法规，许多关闭的学校，尤其是那些被指定为国家注册文化遗产的学校，面临着重大的再利用挑战。常见问题包括隔热不良、能源效率低下和高碳排放，使现代适应变得复杂。此外，《文化遗产保护法》限制了结构改造，阻碍了有效的改造。本研究探讨了改造被指定为国家注册文化遗产的封闭学校的策略，重点是在遵守保护法的同时提高能源效率和减少碳排放。对一所 1930 年代被注册为国家文化遗产的学校进行了案例研究，使用热透射率、气密性和改造前后室内空气质量测量等性能诊断。结果显示，热透射率显著提高，从 1.47 W/m2K 提高到 0.38 W/m2K，漏气率显著降低，从 606.4/h 降低到 11.0/h。这导致总能耗降低了 29%，从 190.7 kWh/m2 降低到 135.1 kWh/m2。模拟表明，通过深入改造，能源使用可能会下降到 104.4 kWh/m2。此外，该研究还考察了如果修订《文化遗产保护法》以允许更广泛的现代化，可能带来的效率提升。研究结果表明，在修订后的法律约束下进行改造可以将隐含碳降低 32.6%。总体而言，该研究强调了立法改革的必要性，以充分提高具有文化意义的建筑的能源性能，同时保持其历史完整性。