To bridge the research gap of landscape types’ impact on overall comfort, this study studied the relationship between the combined effect of thermal-acoustic-air quality and overall comfort in urban pocket parks during winter through surveys and monitoring. Environmental parameters monitored included outdoor air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, ambient noise etc. The (thermal, acoustic, and air quality) comfort survey data, universal thermal climate index (UTCI), weighted equivalent continuous sound level (LAeq), and particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were utilized to objectively evaluate the overall comfort vote (OCV). Furthermore, the comfort index-based and the perception vote-based OCV prediction models were built. Results showed that the water landscape parks had the highest overall and thermal comfort, followed by mountain, square, and building landscapes. For water and square landscape parks, the thermal comfort vote (TCV) was the most important comfort perception, while the air quality sensation vote (AQSV) was key for building landscape parks. No comfort perception vote index significantly affected OCV for mountain landscape parks. For “acceptable” OCV (=0), minimum UTCI thresholds were −5°C, −1.5 °C, and 5 °C for water, mountain, and building landscape parks, respectively, when LAeq exceeded 56 dBA,OCV remained constantly low (< 0) regardless of UTCI. The comfort index-based model is accurate and reliable for OCV prediction. This study provides the threshold requirements for achieving an “acceptable” overall comfort level in different types of pocket park, and could guide the urban pocket park design.

中文翻译：

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考虑不同景观类型的热-声-空气质量复合环境对城市袖珍公园整体舒适度的影响


为了弥合景观类型对整体舒适度影响的研究差距，本研究通过调查和监测研究了城市袖珍公园冬季热-声-空气质量的综合影响与整体舒适度之间的关系。监测的环境参数包括室外空气温度、相对湿度、风速、环境噪声等。利用（热、声学和空气质量）舒适度调查数据、通用热气候指数 （UTCI）、加权等效连续声级 （LAeq） 和直径小于 2.5 μm 的颗粒物 （PM2.5） 来客观评估整体舒适度投票 （OCV）。此外，构建了基于舒适指数和基于感知投票的 OCV 预测模型。结果表明，水景公园的整体舒适度和热舒适度最高，其次是山地、广场和建筑景观。对于水景和方形景观公园，热舒适度投票 （TCV） 是最重要的舒适度感知，而空气质量感觉投票 （AQSV） 是建造景观公园的关键。无舒适度感知投票指数对山地景观公园的 OCV 有显著影响。对于“可接受”的 OCV （=0），水上、山地和建筑景观公园的最低 UTCI 阈值分别为 −5°C、-1.5 °C 和 5 °C，当 LAeq 超过 56 dBA 时，OCV 始终保持较低水平 （< 0），无论 UTCI 如何。基于舒适指数的模型对 OCV 预测准确可靠。本研究提供了在不同类型的袖珍公园中实现“可接受”的整体舒适度的门槛要求，可以指导城市袖珍公园的设计。