More nutrient cycling may be achieved by using less external inputs (feed, fertilisers) and reduce losses to the environment, especially in intensive farming systems. Yet, changes in on-farm management may have unintended consequences at higher aggregation scales due to potential trade-offs.

中文翻译：

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作物-畜牧系统中区域氮循环改善的环境影响 – 一种通用建模方法


通过使用更少的外部投入（饲料、肥料）可以实现更多的养分循环，并减少对环境的损失，尤其是在集约化农业系统中。然而，由于潜在的权衡取舍，农场管理的变化可能会在更高的聚合规模上产生意想不到的后果。