Orbital dynamics in galactic potentials under mass transfer,Astronomy & Astrophysics

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Orbital dynamics in galactic potentials under mass transfer
Astronomy & Astrophysics ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-17 , DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202348274
Eduárd Illés, Dániel Jánosi, Tamás Kovács

Context. Time-dependent potentials are common in galactic systems that undergo significant evolution, interactions, or encounters with other galaxies, or when there are dynamic processes such as star formation and merging events. Recent studies show that an ensemble approach along with the so-called snapshot framework in the theory of dynamical systems provide a powerful tool to analyze the time-dependent dynamics.Aims. In this work, we aim to explore and quantify the phase space structure and dynamical complexity in time-dependent galactic potentials consisting of multiple components.Methods. We applied the classical method of Poincaré surface of sections to analyze the phase space structure in a chaotic Hamiltonian system subjected to parameter drift. This, however, makes sense only when the evolution of a large ensemble of initial conditions is followed. Numerical simulations explore the phase space structure of such ensembles while the system undergoes a continuous parameter change. The pair-wise average distance of ensemble members allowed us to define a generalized Lyapunov exponent, which might also be time-dependent, to describe the system stability.Results. We provide a comprehensive dynamical analysis of the system under circumstances where linear mass transfer occurs between the disk and bulge components of the model.

中文翻译：

传质作用下星系势中的轨道动力学

上下文。在经历重大演化、相互作用或与其他星系相遇的星系系统中，或者当存在恒星形成和合并事件等动态过程时，时间依赖性电位很常见。最近的研究表明，集成方法以及动力系统理论中所谓的快照框架为分析瞬态动力学提供了强大的工具。目标。在这项工作中，我们旨在探索和量化由多个分量组成的瞬态星系势能中的相空间结构和动力学复杂性。方法。我们应用截面 Poincaré 表面的经典方法分析了受参数漂移影响的混沌哈密顿系统中的相空间结构。然而，只有当遵循大量初始条件的演变时，这才有意义。数值模拟探索了这种系综的相空间结构，而系统经历了连续的参数变化。集成成员的成对平均距离允许我们定义一个广义的 Lyapunov 指数，该指数也可能与时间有关，以描述系统稳定性。结果。在模型的圆盘和凸起组件之间发生线性质量传递的情况下，我们提供了系统的全面动力学分析。