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The overflowing atmosphere of WASP-121 b
Astronomy & Astrophysics ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-17 , DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202451003 S. Czesla, F. Nail, A. Lavail, D. Cont, L. Nortmann, F. Lesjak, M. Rengel, L. Boldt-Christmas, D. Shulyak, U. Seemann, P. C. Schneider, A. Hatzes, O. Kochukhov, N. Piskunov, A. Reiners, D. J. Wilson, F. Yan
Astronomy & Astrophysics ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-17 , DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202451003 S. Czesla, F. Nail, A. Lavail, D. Cont, L. Nortmann, F. Lesjak, M. Rengel, L. Boldt-Christmas, D. Shulyak, U. Seemann, P. C. Schneider, A. Hatzes, O. Kochukhov, N. Piskunov, A. Reiners, D. J. Wilson, F. Yan
Transmission spectroscopy is a prime method to study the atmospheres of extrasolar planets. We obtained a high-resolution spectral transit time series of the hot Jupiter WASP-121 b with CRIRES+ to study its atmosphere via transmission spectroscopy of the He I λ10833 triplet lines. Our analysis shows a prominent He I λ10833 absorption feature moving along with the planetary orbital motion, which shows an observed, transit-averaged equivalent width of approximately 30 mÅ, a slight redshift, and a depth of about 2%, which can only be explained by an atmosphere overflowing its Roche lobe. We carried out 3D hydrodynamic modeling to reproduce the observations, which favors asymmetric mass loss with a more pronounced leading tidal tail, possibly also explaining observational evidence for additional absorption stationary in the stellar rest frame. A trailing tail is not detectable. From our modeling, we derived estimates of ≥2 × 1013 g s−1 for the stellar and 5.4 × 1012 g s−1 for the planetary mass loss rate, which is consistent with X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) driven mass loss in WASP-121 b.
中文翻译:
WASP-121 b 的洋溢氛围
透射光谱是研究太阳系外行星大气的主要方法。我们用 CRIRES+ 获得了热木星 WASP-121 b 的高分辨率光谱凌日时间序列,通过 He I λ10833 三重态线的透射光谱研究其大气。我们的分析显示,一个突出的 He I λ10833 吸收特征随着行星轨道运动而移动,这表明观察到的凌日平均等效宽度约为 30 mÅ,轻微的红移和约 2% 的深度,这只能用大气层溢出其罗氏裂片来解释。我们进行了 3D 流体动力学建模来重现观测结果,这有利于不对称的质量损失和更明显的前导潮汐尾部,这可能也解释了在恒星静止坐标系中静止的额外吸收的观测证据。无法检测到尾部。从我们的建模中,我们得出了恒星 ≥2 × 1013 g s-1 的估计值和 5.4 × 1012 g s-1 的行星质量损失率,这与 WASP-121 b 中 X 射线和极紫外 (XUV) 驱动的质量损失一致。
更新日期:2024-12-18
中文翻译:
WASP-121 b 的洋溢氛围
透射光谱是研究太阳系外行星大气的主要方法。我们用 CRIRES+ 获得了热木星 WASP-121 b 的高分辨率光谱凌日时间序列,通过 He I λ10833 三重态线的透射光谱研究其大气。我们的分析显示,一个突出的 He I λ10833 吸收特征随着行星轨道运动而移动,这表明观察到的凌日平均等效宽度约为 30 mÅ,轻微的红移和约 2% 的深度,这只能用大气层溢出其罗氏裂片来解释。我们进行了 3D 流体动力学建模来重现观测结果,这有利于不对称的质量损失和更明显的前导潮汐尾部,这可能也解释了在恒星静止坐标系中静止的额外吸收的观测证据。无法检测到尾部。从我们的建模中,我们得出了恒星 ≥2 × 1013 g s-1 的估计值和 5.4 × 1012 g s-1 的行星质量损失率,这与 WASP-121 b 中 X 射线和极紫外 (XUV) 驱动的质量损失一致。