Background

Heparin is a widely used anticoagulant in clinic. However, improper dosing can increase the risk of thromboembolic events, potentially leading to life-threatening complications. Clinic monitoring of heparin is very important for its use safety. Rapid and accurate point-of-care testing can significantly reduce the risk of thrombotic events. The detection of heparin using fluorescent probes has emerged as a significant area of research, driven by the need for rapid, sensitive, and selective methods for monitoring this crucial anticoagulant in clinical settings. However, the absence of convenient and user-friendly heparin testing methods continues to pose a challenge.

Results

In this work, a tetraphenylethylene derivatives with four amidine active groups (TPE-4⁺) was prepared. TPE-4⁺ has obvious aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect on the heparin with a 127-fold enhancement occurring within just 3 seconds. The molecular docking simulation showed that TPE-4⁺ was closely embedded in the heparin by the electrostatic force between four amidine of TPE-4⁺ and sulfate ester group of heparin, restricted intramolecular motion of TPE-4⁺, and causing obvious AIE features. The fluorescence intensity of TPE-4⁺ was line with the concentration of heparin in the range of 0–2.0 U/mL with a lowest detection limit of 0.0038 U/mL. The possible interference in the serum samples had no influence on the determination of heparin. Using 3D printing technology, a compact, portable digital sensor platform for straightforward monitoring of heparin levels was fabricated.

Significance

The proposed innovative platform provides a powerful tool to make portable and real-time monitoring of heparin possible, and thereby contributing to achieve point-of-care testing and decrease the risk of thrombotic events. This novel method of combining the probe with the sensing platform simplifies the detection process and enhances patient care by providing more accurate diagnostic capabilities.

中文翻译：

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脒功能化聚集诱导发射发光原和 3D 打印数字传感器平台，用于肝素的超快速和视觉检测

 背景

肝素是临床上广泛使用的抗凝剂。然而，剂量不当会增加血栓栓塞事件的风险，可能导致危及生命的并发症。肝素的临床监测对其使用安全性非常重要。快速准确的即时检测可以显著降低血栓形成事件的风险。使用荧光探针检测肝素已成为一个重要的研究领域，因为需要快速、灵敏和选择性的方法来在临床环境中监测这种关键的抗凝剂。然而，缺乏方便且用户友好的肝素检测方法仍然构成挑战。

 结果

在本工作中，制备了具有四个脒活性基团 （TPE-4 ⁺ ） 的四苯乙烯衍生物。TPE-4 对肝素 ⁺ 具有明显的聚集诱导发射 （AIE） 效应，在短短 3 秒内就发生了 127 倍的增强。分子对接模拟显示，TPE-4 ⁺ 受 TPE-4 的四个脒 ⁺ 与肝素硫酸酯基团之间的静电力紧密嵌入肝素中，限制了 TPE-4 的分子内运动 ⁺ ，并引起明显的 AIE 特征。TPE-4 ⁺ 的荧光强度与 0–2.0 U/mL 范围内的肝素浓度一致，最低检出限为 0.0038 U/mL。血清样品中可能存在的干扰对肝素的测定没有影响。使用 3D 打印技术，制造了一个紧凑的便携式数字传感器平台，用于直接监测肝素水平。

 意义

拟议的创新平台提供了一个强大的工具，使肝素的便携式和实时监测成为可能，从而有助于实现即时检测并降低血栓形成事件的风险。这种将探头与传感平台相结合的新方法简化了检测过程，并通过提供更准确的诊断能力来增强患者护理。