In this study, the floating lightweight hollow sponge carbon nitride containing BiVO₄ (BVO/LHSCN) was constructed using calcination and hydrothermal methods. Experiments and DFT theoretical calculations show that the S-scheme charge transfer path of BVO/LHSCN and its unique porous network floating structure achieve BVO/LHSCN excellent light capture ability, photogenerated carrier separation efficiency and recycling performance. After 180 min of illumination, BVO/LHSCN can degrade 94.9 % of tetracycline (TC), with a rate constant as high as 0.06235 min⁻¹, which was 4.35 times and 7.7 times higher than that of pure BVO (0.01433 min⁻¹) and LHSCN (0.00807 min⁻¹), respectively. After 5 cycles of experiment, BVO/LHSCN still exhibited excellent TC degradation performance, demonstrating outstanding stability. Subsequently, the site of TC attack was predicted by Fukui index, the intermediate product and degradation pathway during the TC degradation were analyzed by LC-MS. The possible ecological risks of the intermediate and final products were assessed, determining a low environmental risk in the degradation process of tetracycline. This study provides a novel method to improve the light-capturing ability of S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts.

中文翻译：

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BiVO4 在漂浮轻质空心海绵氮化碳上的沉积及其 S 型异质结高效光催化降解四环素及其生态毒性评价


本研究采用煅烧和水热法构建了含 BiVO₄ （BVO/LHSCN） 的漂浮轻质空心海绵氮化碳。实验和 DFT 理论计算表明，BVO/LHSCN 的 S 型电荷转移路径及其独特的多孔网络浮动结构实现了 BVO/LHSCN 优异的光捕获能力、光生载流子分离效率和回收性能。光照 180 分钟后，BVO/LHSCN 可降解 94.9% 的四环素 （TC），速率常数高达 0.06235 ^min-1，分别是纯 BVO （0.01433 ^min-1） 和 LHSCN （0.00807 ^min-1） 的 4.35 倍和 7.7 倍。经过 5 个循环的实验，BVO/LHSCN 仍然表现出优异的 TC 降解性能，表现出优异的稳定性。随后，通过 Fukui 指数预测 TC 攻击的部位，通过 LC-MS 分析 TC 降解过程中的中间产物和降解途径。评估了中间产品和最终产品可能的生态风险，确定了四环素降解过程中的低环境风险。本研究提供了一种提高 S 型异质结光催化剂的光捕获能力的新方法。