Developing a multi-site Pd-based electrocatalyst for CO₂-to-C1 conversion with high performance and selectivity in the hydrogenation pathway for the CO₂ electroreduction reaction is both desirable and challenging. Here, we develop triple-site metallene (Pd₈₂Bi₁₁In₇), which can achieve an unprecedented Faraday efficiency of 72.6 ± 1% for methanol production. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicates that some electrons transfer from In and Bi to Pd inside Pd₈₂Bi₁₁In₇, forming local electron-rich Pd-site, local primary electron-deficient center In-site, and local secondary electron-deficient center Bi-site. Meanwhile, Pd₈₂Bi₁₁In₇ has stronger adsorption for *COOH and *CO, which avoids the generation of formic acid and CO. Moreover, Pd₈₂Bi₁₁In₇ reduces the potential determining step energy barrier and controls the hydrogenation path for direct methanol production. The synergistic effect of the triple-sites enables efficient CO₂ electroreduction to methanol.

中文翻译：

---

用于 CO2 制甲醇选择性转化的 Pd 基多位点催化剂


开发一种用于 CO₂ 到 C1 转化的多位点 Pd 基电催化剂，在 CO₂ 电还原反应的加氢途径中具有高性能和选择性，既可取又具有挑战性。在这里，我们开发了三位金属烯 （Pd₈₂Bi₁₁In₇），它可以在甲醇生产中实现前所未有的 72.6 ± 1% 的法拉第效率。X 射线光电子能谱分析表明，一些电子在 Pd₈₂Bi₁₁In₇ 内从 In 和 Bi 转移到 Pd，形成局部富电子 Pd 位点、局部初级缺电子中心 In-site 和局部次级缺电子中心 Bi-site。同时，Pd₈₂Bi₁₁In₇ 对 *COOH 和 *CO 具有更强的吸附作用，避免了甲酸和 CO 的生成。此外，Pd₈₂Bi₁₁In₇ 降低了电位决定步骤的能垒，并控制了直接生产甲醇的加氢路径。三重位点的协同效应使 CO₂ 电还原为甲醇成为可能。