This study evaluated temporally dynamic bioaccumulation, fates, and biotransformation of atrazine (ATZ) in bivalve hemolymph. Male and female mussels, Hyriopsis bialata, were exposed to ATZ at environmentally-relevant (0.02 and 0.2 mg/L) and high (2 mg/L) concentrations. Untreated mussels served as a control. The hemolymph was collected from the anterior adductor muscle during 28 days of exposure. Pooled hemolymph from individuals of the same sex was subjected to chromatographic analysis of ATZ and its derivatives: desethylatrazine (DEA), desisopropylatrazine (DIA), and hydroxyatrazine (HA). The hemolymph was also used to determine phase I biotransformation via 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity. ATZ-treated mussels showed bioaccumulation of ATZ and its derivatives in their hemolymph, but the control mussels had none. There were no gender-dependent bioaccumulation patterns for these compounds, among which DEA revealed dose- and time-dependent bioaccumulation. Besides, hemolymph-to-water concentration ratios (HWRs) of DEA exhibited concentration and time dependency on nominal ATZ concentrations, especially in the female mussels. ATZ exposure generally did not alter phase I biotransformation capacity in the hemolymph. Interestingly, DEA, aside from ATZ, was a promising candidate marker representing degrees of ATZ contamination. Overall, this study offered opportunity for utilizing the bivalve hemolymph of minimal amounts for rapid, time-series biomonitoring of ATZ contamination in water.

中文翻译：

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双壳类血淋巴液作为评估阿特拉津污染的生物监测工具的潜在用途


本研究评估了阿特拉津 （ATZ） 在双壳类血淋巴中的时间动态生物蓄积、命运和生物转化。雄性和雌性贻贝 Hyriopsis bialata 以环境相关 （0.02 和 0.2mg/L） 和高浓度 （2mg/L） 暴露于 ATZ。未经处理的贻贝作为对照。在暴露 28 天期间从前内收肌收集血淋巴液。对来自同性个体的混合血淋巴液进行 ATZ 及其衍生物的色谱分析：desethylatrazine （DEA） 、去异丙基拉特拉嗪 （DIA） 和羟基阿特拉津 （HA）。血淋巴液还用于通过 7-乙氧基间苯草芬-O-脱乙基酶活性确定 I 期生物转化。ATZ 处理的贻贝在其血淋巴中显示出 ATZ 及其衍生物的生物蓄积，但对照贻贝没有。这些化合物没有性别依赖性的生物蓄积模式，其中 DEA 揭示了剂量和时间依赖性的生物蓄积。此外，DEA 的血淋巴与水浓度比 （HWR） 表现出对标称 ATZ 浓度的浓度和时间依赖性，尤其是在雌性贻贝中。ATZ 暴露通常不会改变血淋巴中的 I 期生物转化能力。有趣的是，除了 ATZ 之外，DEA 是代表 ATZ 污染程度的有前途的候选标志物。总体而言，这项研究为利用微量的双壳类血淋巴液对水中 ATZ 污染进行快速、时间序列生物监测提供了机会。