Long COVID (LC) is a great global health concern, affecting individuals recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The persistent and varied symptoms across multiple organs complicate diagnosis and management, and an incomplete understanding of the condition hinders advancements in therapeutics. Current diagnostic methods face challenges related to standardization and completeness. To overcome this, new technologies such as sensor-based electronic noses are being explored for LC assessment, offering a noninvasive screening approach via volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensing in exhaled breath. Although specific LC-associated VOCs have not been fully characterized, insights from COVID-19 research suggest their potential as biomarkers. Additionally, AI-driven chemometrics are promising in identifying and predicting outcomes; despite challenges, AI-driven technologies hold the potential to enhance LC evaluation, providing rapid and accurate diagnostics for improved patient care and outcomes. This review underscores the importance of emerging and sensing technologies and comprehensive diagnostic strategies to address screening and treatment challenges in the face of LC.

中文翻译：

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长期 COVID 筛查研究进展：专注于呼出气气体传感的挑战和前景


长期 COVID （LC） 是一个巨大的全球健康问题，影响从 SARS-CoV-2 感染中恢复的个体。多个器官的持续和不同症状使诊断和管理复杂化，对病情的不完全了解阻碍了治疗学的进步。当前的诊断方法面临着与标准化和完整性相关的挑战。为了克服这一问题，人们正在探索基于传感器的电子鼻等新技术进行液相色谱评估，通过呼出气中的挥发性有机化合物 （VOC） 传感提供无创筛查方法。尽管特定的 LC 相关 VOC 尚未完全表征，但 COVID-19 研究的见解表明它们具有作为生物标志物的潜力。此外，人工智能驱动的化学计量学在识别和预测结果方面很有希望;尽管存在挑战，但 AI 驱动的技术仍有可能增强 LC 评估，提供快速准确的诊断以改善患者护理和结果。本综述强调了新兴和传感技术以及综合诊断策略对于应对 LC 面临的筛查和治疗挑战的重要性。