7% of global carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions are caused by the iron and steel industry. India produces 6% of the global crude steel, most of which comes from large steel plants using the blast furnace – basic oxygen furnace route and the natural gas – sponge iron – electric arc furnace route. This study investigates the carbon abatement potential and associated economics of major decarbonization options for the Indian iron and steel sector. These decarbonization options include improved energy efficiency, substitution of material and fuel, and adaptation of renewable energy. The marginal abatement and green premium curves, obtained through mass and energy balances of a typical iron and steel plant, incorporate the interdependency of measures and present the techno-economic aspects. The analysis shows that the blast furnace – basic oxygen furnace process can be completely decarbonized, with nearly 15.8% of the CO₂ emissions being eliminated without a net cost to the consumers. Similarly, 98.8% of the CO₂ emissions can be abated in the natural gas – sponge iron – electric arc furnace route. These results are expected to be helpful for policymakers and industry stakeholders in planning policy impetus and achieving net-zero targets for the Indian iron and steel sector.

中文翻译：

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印度大型钢铁厂的碳减排方案


全球 7% 的二氧化碳 （CO ₂ ） 排放是由钢铁行业造成的。印度生产了全球 6% 的粗钢，其中大部分来自使用高炉 - 碱性氧气炉路线和天然气 - 海绵铁 - 电弧炉路线的大型钢铁厂。本研究调查了印度钢铁行业主要脱碳方案的碳减排潜力和相关经济性。这些脱碳选项包括提高能源效率、替代材料和燃料以及适应可再生能源。通过典型钢铁厂的质量和能量平衡获得的边际减排和绿色溢价曲线结合了措施的相互依赖性，并呈现了技术经济方面。分析表明，高炉-碱性氧气炉工艺可以完全脱碳，消除近 15.8% 的二氧化碳排放 ₂ ，而不会给消费者带来净成本。同样，98.8% 的 CO ₂ 排放可以通过天然气 - 海绵铁 - 电弧炉路线减少。预计这些结果将有助于政策制定者和行业利益相关者规划政策动力并实现印度钢铁行业的净零目标。