Glutathione (GSH) is a crucial biological thiol involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and phytochelatin synthesis in plants response to heavy metal stress. Traditional methods for detecting GSH often lack the capability for rapid, in situ analysis without damaging plant tissues. There is an urgent need to develop an effective method for real-time tracking of GSH fluctuations. Herein, we developed a triphenylamine-based aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescent probe, TPA-NBD, for the detection of GSH. The probe features a rapid response time, low detection limit, and high selectivity for the detection of GSH. With AIE characteristics and low biotoxicity, TPA-NBD can effectively track exogenous GSH in plant cells and tissues. Additionally, TPA-NBD successfully monitored endogenous GSH fluctuations in Nicotiana tabacum L. seedlings subjected to Cr and Pb-induced heavy metal stress. Together, our studies demonstrate that TPA-NBD, as a novel tool for GSH detection in plants, offers reliable performance and significant potential for biological applications.

中文翻译：

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开发用于实时跟踪重金属胁迫下植物 GSH 波动的 AIE 荧光探针


谷胱甘肽 （GSH） 是一种重要的生物巯基，参与植物对重金属胁迫的抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环和植物螯合素合成。传统的 GSH 检测方法通常缺乏在不损伤植物组织的情况下进行快速、原位分析的能力。迫切需要开发一种有效的方法来实时跟踪 GSH 波动。在此，我们开发了一种基于三苯胺的聚集诱导发射 （AIE） 荧光探针 TPA-NBD，用于检测 GSH。该探针具有响应时间短、检出限低、选择性高等特点，可用于检测 GSH。TPA-NBD 具有 AIE 特性和低生物毒性，可以有效追踪植物细胞和组织中的外源性 GSH。此外，TPA-NBD 成功监测了 Cr 和 Pb 诱导的重金属胁迫下烟草幼苗的内源 GSH 波动。总之，我们的研究表明，TPA-NBD 作为植物 GSH 检测的新型工具，具有可靠的性能和巨大的生物应用潜力。