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Endogenous retroelement activation is implicated in IFN‐α production and anti‐CCP autoantibody generation in early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Arthritis & Rheumatology ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-17 , DOI: 10.1002/art.43083
Faye AH Cooles, Gemma V Pedrola, Najib Naamane, Arthur G Pratt, Ben Barron‐Millar, Amy E Anderson, Catharien MU Hilkens, John Casement, Vincent Bondet, Darragh Duffy, Fan Zhang, Ruchi Shukla, John D Isaacs

ObjectivesEndogenous retroelements (EREs) stimulate type 1 interferon (IFN‐I) production but have not been explored as potential interferonogenic triggers in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). We investigated ERE expression in early RA (eRA), a period where IFN‐I is increased.MethodsERE expression (LTR5, LINE1, SINE) in disease modifying treatment naïve eRA whole blood and bulk synovial tissue was examined by RT‐PCR and Nanostring alongside IFN‐α activity. Circulating lymphocyte subsets, including B cell subsets, from eRA patients and early psoriatic arthritis (ePsA), were flow cytometrically sorted and similarly examined. Existing established RA and osteoarthritis (OA) synovial single‐cell sequencing data was re‐interrogated to identify repeat elements, and associations explored.ResultsThere was significant co‐expression of all ERE classes and IFNA in eRA synovial tissue (n=22, p<0.0001) and significant positive associations between whole blood LINE1 expression (n=56) and circulating IFN‐α protein (p=0.018) and anti‐CCP titres (p<0.0001). ERE expression was highest in circulating eRA B‐cells, particularly naïve B‐cells compared with ePsA, with possible ERE regulation by SAMDH1 implicated and associations with IFNA again observed. Finally, in established RA synovium, LTRs, particularly ERVK, were most increased in RA compared with OA where, for all synovial subsets (monocytes, B‐cells, T‐cells and fibroblasts), ERE expression associated with increased IFN‐I signalling (p<0.001).ConclusionsPeripheral blood and synovial ERE expression is examined for the first time in eRA highlighting both a potential causal relationship between ERE and IFN‐I production and an intriguing association with anti‐CCP autoantibodies. This suggests EREs may contribute to RA pathophysiology with implications for future novel therapeutic strategies.

中文翻译:


内源性逆转录元件激活与早期类风湿性关节炎中 IFN α 的产生和抗 CCP 自身抗体的产生有关



目的内源性逆转录元件 (EREs) 刺激 1 型干扰素 (IFN-I) 的产生,但尚未被探索为类风湿性关节炎 (RA) 的潜在干扰素原触发因素。我们研究了早期 RA (eRA) 中的 ERE 表达,这是一个 IFN-I 增加的时期。方法通过 RT-PCR 和 Nanostring 检测疾病修饰治疗初始 eRA 全血和大量滑膜组织中 ERE 表达 (LTR5、LINE1、SINE) 以及 IFN-α 活性。对来自 eRA 患者和早期银屑病关节炎 (ePsA) 的循环淋巴细胞亚群,包括 B 细胞亚群,进行流式细胞术分选和类似检查。重新询问现有已建立的 RA 和骨关节炎 (OA) 滑膜单细胞测序数据以识别重复元件,并探索关联。结果所有 ERE 类别和 IFNA 在 eRA 滑膜组织中均显著共表达 (n=22,p<0.0001),全血 LINE1 表达 (n=56) 与循环 IFN-α 蛋白 (p=0.018) 和抗 CCP 滴度 (p<0.0001) 之间存在显著的正相关。与 ePsA 相比,循环 eRA B 细胞,尤其是幼稚 B 细胞中的 ERE 表达最高,与 SAMDH1 可能相关的 ERE 调节,并再次观察到与 IFNA 的关联。最后,在已建立的 RA 滑膜中,与 OA 相比,RA 中的 LTR,特别是 ERVK 增加最多,其中,对于所有滑膜亚群 (单核细胞、B 细胞、T 细胞和成纤维细胞),ERE 表达与 IFN-I 信号增加相关 (p<0.001)。结论在 eRA 中首次检查了外周血和滑膜 ERE 表达,突出了 ERE 和 IFN-I 产生之间的潜在因果关系以及与抗 CCP 自身抗体的有趣关联。 这表明 ERE 可能有助于 RA 的病理生理学,并对未来的新治疗策略产生影响。
更新日期:2024-12-17
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