Abstract

Exercise training performed at the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation improves cardiovascular function and metabolic health while simultaneously reducing visceral adipose tissue in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Indeed, it is currently considered an efficient non-pharmacological approach for the prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disorders. Over the last 5 years, several studies have reported a diurnal variation in both resting fat oxidation as well as maximal fat oxidation recorded during submaximal intensity exercise. Higher fat oxidation has been recorded during the evening in comparison with the early morning, although this has not been universally observed. If evening exercise increases fat oxidation, then this timing of exercise may be preferable for the reversal of cardiometabolic diseases. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms behind the circadian regulation of fatty acid metabolism have not yet been fully elucidated. The present review thus aims to describe the circadian rhythmicity of several hormones, metabolites, and enzymes involved in fatty acid mobilization and oxidation. Furthermore, we discuss the relevance of circadian mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative phosphorylation to fatty acid metabolism. To conclude our discussion, we highlight those biological (e.g., age and sex) and lifestyle factors (e.g., sleep quality/disturbances or physical activity) that potentially influence the circadian regulation of fatty metabolism and which therefore should be considered for a tailored exercise prescription.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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人类脂肪酸代谢的昼夜节律调节：是否有证据表明在运动过程中最大限度地促进脂肪氧化的最佳时间窗口？

 抽象

以引起最大脂肪氧化的强度进行的运动训练可改善心血管功能和代谢健康，同时减少肥胖和 2 型糖尿病患者的内脏脂肪组织。事实上，它目前被认为是预防和治疗心脏代谢紊乱的有效非药物方法。在过去的 5 年中，几项研究报告了在次最大强度运动期间记录的静息脂肪氧化和最大脂肪氧化的昼夜变化。与清晨相比，晚上的脂肪氧化率更高，尽管这尚未得到普遍观察到。如果晚上运动会增加脂肪氧化，那么这种运动时间对于逆转心脏代谢疾病可能更可取。然而，脂肪酸代谢昼夜节律调节背后的生理和分子机制尚未完全阐明。因此，本综述旨在描述参与脂肪酸动员和氧化的几种激素、代谢物和酶的昼夜节律。此外，我们讨论了昼夜节律线粒体动力学和氧化磷酸化与脂肪酸代谢的相关性。为了总结我们的讨论，我们强调了那些可能影响脂肪代谢昼夜节律调节的生物（例如，年龄和性别）和生活方式因素（例如，睡眠质量/障碍或身体活动），因此应考虑为量身定制的运动处方。

 图形摘要