Numerous missions to the Moon have identified and documented volatile deposits associated with permanently shadowed regions. A series of science goals for the Artemis Program is to explore these volatile deposits and return samples to Earth. Volatiles in these reservoirs may consist of a variety of species whose stable isotope characteristics could elucidate both their sources and the processes instrumental in their formation. For example, the δD of potential contributors to the deposits can be used to identify a uniquely light solar wind component. Because of the exceptionally low temperatures of these volatile deposits, examining and interpreting their stable isotope systems to fulfill Artemis science goals through sampling, preserving, curating, and analyzing these samples are far more difficult than for other sample return missions. Collecting and preserving the samples at cryogenic temperatures dramatically increases science yield but is technologically demanding and poses increased risk during transport.

中文翻译：

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在极地寒冷陷阱中勘探、采样和解释月球挥发物


许多月球任务已经确定并记录了与永久阴影区域相关的挥发性矿床。阿尔忒弥斯计划的一系列科学目标是探索这些挥发性矿床并将样本送回地球。这些储层中的挥发物可能由多种物种组成，其稳定同位素特性可以阐明它们的来源和有助于其形成的过程。例如，矿床潜在贡献者的 δD 可用于识别独特的轻太阳风成分。由于这些挥发性矿床的温度极低，通过采样、保存、整理和分析这些样本来检查和解释它们的稳定同位素系统以实现 Artemis 科学目标，这比其他样本返回任务要困难得多。在低温下收集和保存样品可显著提高科学产量，但对技术要求较高，并且在运输过程中会增加风险。