The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are some of the most important reactions in electrochemical energy technologies such as fuel cells and metal–air cells. However, the lack of in-depth understanding of reaction mechanisms and clear identification of catalytic active sites hinders the development of high-performance and durable electrocatalysts for the OER and ORR. In situ characterization techniques enable on-site monitoring of the surface oxidation state and local atomic structural transitions, facilitating the identification of active sites and enhancing our fundamental understanding of reaction mechanisms in these systems. This article reviews the main progress in the OER/ORR process using various in situ techniques. By utilizing in situ characterization techniques, the factors affecting catalyst catalytic performance are revealed from a direct or indirect perspective. Finally, the main challenges and prospects of in situ characterization techniques in ORR/OER research are discussed.

中文翻译：

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原位表征技术：揭示 OER/ORR 催化机理和反应动力学的主要工具


析氧反应 （OER） 和氧还原反应 （ORR） 是燃料电池和金属-空气电池等电化学能源技术中最重要的一些反应。然而，缺乏对反应机理的深入了解和对催化活性位点的明确鉴定阻碍了用于 OER 和 ORR 的高性能和耐用电催化剂的开发。原位表征技术能够对表面氧化态和局部原子结构转变进行现场监测，有助于识别活性位点并增强我们对这些系统中反应机理的基本理解。本文回顾了使用各种原位技术进行 OER/ORR 过程的主要进展。通过利用原位表征技术，从直接或间接的角度揭示了影响催化剂催化性能的因素。最后，讨论了原位表征技术在 ORR/OER 研究中的主要挑战和前景。