Portland cement (PC) has been used and developed since the early 19th century. Although the compositional ranges of PC clinkers are generally specified in standards, there is a lack of information on the variability of industrial clinkers. Furthermore, with an increase in the use of alternative mineral and fuel feeds, it is important to understand the evolution of clinker chemistry and mineralogy which affects hydraulic reactivity. In this work, 27 clinkers, selected to span the limits of clinker manufacturing, are characterised using X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). These are compared against clinker data from literature, which provides a comparison between modern clinkers and historical clinkers analysed over 50 years ago. Finally, the clinker datasets are used to carry out and compare different calculation methods including Bogue, modified Bogue, and Gibbs energy minimisation using a published stoichiometric thermodynamic database.

中文翻译：

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关于工业波特兰水泥熟料的可变性：微观结构特征和化学元素的命运


波特兰水泥 （PC） 自 19 世纪初以来一直在使用和开发。尽管标准中通常规定了 PC 熟料的成分范围，但缺乏关于工业熟料可变性的信息。此外，随着替代矿物和燃料原料使用的增加，了解影响水力反应性的熟料化学和矿物学的演变非常重要。在这项工作中，选择了 27 种熟料，以跨越熟料制造的极限，使用 X 射线荧光 （XRF）、X 射线衍射 （XRD） 和扫描电子显微镜 - 能量色散 X 射线光谱 （SEM-EDX） 进行了表征。这些与文献中的熟料数据进行了比较，后者提供了现代熟料和 50 多年前分析的历史熟料之间的比较。最后，熟料数据集用于执行和比较不同的计算方法，包括使用已发布的化学计量热力学数据库的 Bogue、修正的 Bogue 和 Gibbs 能量最小化。