Estimating the early propagation direction of the coronal mass ejection with DIRECD during the severe event on May 8 and for the follow-up event on June 8, 2024,Astronomy & Astrophysics

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Estimating the early propagation direction of the coronal mass ejection with DIRECD during the severe event on May 8 and for the follow-up event on June 8, 2024
Astronomy & Astrophysics ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-13 , DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202452324
Shantanu Jain, Tatiana Podladchikova, Astrid M. Veronig, Galina Chikunova, Karin Dissauer, Mateja Dumbovic, Amaia Razquin

Context. On May 8, 2024, the solar active region 13664 produced an X-class flare, several M-class flares, and multiple coronal mass ejections (CMEs) directed towards Earth. The initial CME resulted in coronal dimmings, which are characterized by localized reductions in extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) emissions and are indicative of mass loss and expansion during the eruption. On June 8, 2024, after one solar rotation, the same active region produced another eruptive M-class flare that was followed by coronal dimmings that were observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) spacecraft.Aims. We analyzed the early CME evolution and propagation direction from the expansion of the coronal dimming observed low in the corona using the method called dimming inferred estimation of the CME direction (DIRECD).Methods. DIRECD derived the key parameters of the early CME propagation from the expansion behavior of the associated coronal dimming at the end of its impulsive phase by generating a 3D CME cone model whose orthogonal projection on the solar sphere matches the dimming geometry. To validate the resulting 3D CME cone, we compared the CME properties derived in the low corona with white-light coronagraph data.Results. Using DIRECD, we find that the CME on May 8, 2024 expands close to radially, with an inclination angle of 7.7°, an angular width of 70°, and a cone height of 0.81 R_{sun_{, which was derived at the end of the impulsive dimming phase, and for which the CME showed connections to the dimming and still left footprints in the low corona. It was inclined 7.6° north in the meridional plane and 1.1° east in the equatorial plane. The CME on June 8, 2024, after one solar rotation, was inclined by 15.7° from the radial direction, had an angular width of 81°, and had a cone height of 0.89 R_{sun_{. The CME was inclined 6.9° south in the meridional plane and 14.9° west in the equatorial plane. A validation with white-light coronagraph data confirmed the accuracy of the 3D cone by matching the CME characteristics and projections with STEREO-A COR2 observations.Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that by tracking low coronal signatures such as the coronal dimming expansion in 2D for the May and June 2024 CMEs, we can estimate the 3D CME direction early in the CME evolution. This provides early lead times for mitigating adverse space weather impacts.}}}}

中文翻译：

估计 DIRECD 在 2024 年 5 月 8 日严重事件期间和 2024 年 6 月 8 日后续事件期间日冕物质抛射的早期传播方向

上下文。2024 年 5 月 8 日，太阳活跃区 13664 产生了一次 X 级耀斑、几次 M 级耀斑和多次指向地球的日冕物质抛射（CME）。最初的 CME 导致日冕变暗，其特征是极端紫外线（EUV）发射的局部减少，并表明喷发期间的质量损失和膨胀。2024 年 6 月 8 日，在一次太阳自转后，同一活跃区域产生了另一次喷发的 M 级耀斑，随后太阳动力学天文台（SDO）和太阳地关系天文台（STEREO）航天器观测到日冕变暗。目标。我们使用称为 CME 方向的调光推断估计（DIRECD）的方法分析了在日冕低处观察到的日冕调光扩展的早期 CME 演变和传播方向。方法。DIRECD 通过生成 3D CME 锥模型，该模型在太阳球上的正交投影与调光几何形状相匹配，从相关日冕调光在其脉冲期结束时的膨胀行为中得出了早期 CME 传播的关键参数。为了验证得到的 3D CME 锥，我们将低电晕中得出的 CME 特性与白光日冕仪数据进行了比较。结果。使用 DIRECD，我们发现 2024 年 5 月 8 日的 CME 接近径向扩展，倾角为 7.7°，角宽为 70°，锥体高度为 0.81 Rsun，这是在脉冲调光阶段结束时得出的，为此 CME 显示了与调光的联系，并且在低日冕中仍然留下了足迹。它在经向平面上向北倾斜 7.6°，在赤道平面上向东倾斜 1.1°。2024 年 6 月 8 日，CME 在一次太阳自转后，倾斜了 15。与径向成 7°，角宽为 81°，圆锥高度为 0.89 Rsun。CME 在经向平面上向南倾斜 6.9°，在赤道平面向西倾斜 14.9°。通过将 CME 特征和投影与 STEREO-A COR2 观测结果进行匹配，使用白光日冕仪数据进行验证，证实了 3D 锥体的准确性。结论。我们的研究表明，通过跟踪低冠状特征，例如 2024 年 5 月和 6 月 CME 的 2D 日冕调光扩展，我们可以在 CME 演变的早期估计 3D CME 方向。这为减轻不利的太空天气影响提供了早期交货时间。