PKS 1424−418: A persistent candidate source of the mm–γ-ray connection?,Astronomy & Astrophysics

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PKS 1424−418: A persistent candidate source of the mm–γ-ray connection?
Astronomy & Astrophysics ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-13 , DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202451773
Dae-Won Kim, Eduardo Ros, Matthias Kadler, Thomas P. Krichbaum, Guang-Yao Zhao, Florian Rösch, Andrei P. Lobanov, J. Anton Zensus

We present a long-term strong correlation between millimeter (mm) radio and γ-ray emission in the flat-spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) PKS 1424−418. The mm–γ-ray connection in blazars is generally thought to originate from the relativistic jet close to the central engine. We confirm a unique long-lasting mm–γ-ray correlation of PKS 1424−418 by using detailed correlation analyses and statistical tests, and we find its physical meaning in the source. We employed ∼8.5 yr of (sub)mm and γ-ray light curves observed by ALMA and Fermi-LAT, respectively. From linear and cross-correlation analyses between the light curves, we found a significant, strong mm–γ-ray correlation over the whole period. We did not find any notable time delay within the uncertainties for the mm–γ-ray correlation, which means zero lag. The mm wave spectral index values (S_{ν_{∝ ν^{α^{) between the bands 3 and 7 flux densities indicate a time-variable opacity of the source at (sub)mm wavelengths. Interestingly, the mm wave spectral index becomes temporarily flatter (i.e., α > −0.5) when the source flares in the γ-rays. We relate our results with the jet of PKS 1424−418, and we discuss the origin of the γ-rays and opacity of the inner (sub)parsec-scale jet regions.}}}}

中文翻译：

PKS 1424−418：毫米-γ-射线连接的持久候选源？

我们在平谱射电类星体（FSRQ） PKS 1424-418 中提出了毫米（mm）无线电和γ射线发射之间的长期强相关性。blazars 中的毫米γ射线连接通常被认为起源于靠近中央发动机的相对论喷流。我们通过使用详细的相关分析和统计测试证实了 PKS 1424-418 独特的持久毫米-γ射线相关性，并在源中找到了它的物理意义。我们采用了 ALMA 和 Fermi-LAT 分别观察到的 ∼8.5 yr （亚）mm 和 γ 射线光曲线。通过光曲线之间的线性和互相关分析，我们发现在整个时期存在显著、强烈的毫米γ射线相关性。在毫米γ射线相关性的不确定性中，我们没有发现任何明显的时间延迟，这意味着零滞后。波段 3 和 7 通量密度之间的毫米波光谱指数值（Sν ∝ να）表示光源在（亚）毫米波长处的时变不透明度。有趣的是，当源在γ射线中耀斑时，毫米波光谱指数暂时变平（即 > -0.5 α %。我们将我们的结果与 PKS 1424-418 的射流联系起来，并讨论了γ射线的起源和内部（亚）秒差距射流区域的不透明度。