Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) is a strategic approach that can mitigate the impacts of climate change on food and nutrition security (FNS). Despite extensive research on this intersection, CSA adoption is often treated as a single, aggregate variable, which may obscure nuanced realities and choices that farmers confront. Additionally, empirical evidence linking CSA adoption to FNS remains limited in drought-prone areas, which face unique challenges such as degraded soils. This study addresses these gaps by using cross-sectional data from 909 farmers in Ethiopia to examine the factors influencing CSA adoption and its impact on FNS, while controlling for placement endogeneity. Applying multivariate probit and endogenous switching regression (ESR) models, we account for selection bias and endogenous covariates. Results show that 84 % of sampled households adopt at least one CSA practice, and CSA adopters generally exhibit higher household dietary diversity scores than non-adopters. Specifically, households implementing soil fertility practices consume an average of four additional food groups daily, while those adopting combinations of yield-boosting and soil fertility practices or yield-boosting and soil erosion control practices consume approximately three additional food groups. In a similar trend, households adopting both soil fertility and erosion control practices have a moderately enhanced diet, consuming two more food groups than their counterparts. Notably, increased crop income emerges as the compelling pathway linking CSA adoption with improved FNS outcomes. In light of the challenges posed by degraded soils and recurrent food insecurity in drought-prone areas, this study underscores the need to support CSA adoption through enhanced access to information, training, infrastructure, and credit, fostering more resilient agricultural systems and sustainable land use.

中文翻译：

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重新思考埃塞俄比亚干旱易发地区气候变化下的家庭粮食安全


气候智能型农业 （CSA） 是一种战略方法，可以减轻气候变化对粮食和营养安全 （FNS） 的影响。尽管对这一交叉点进行了广泛的研究，但 CSA 的采用通常被视为一个单一的聚合变量，这可能会掩盖农民面临的细微差别的现实和选择。此外，在干旱易发地区，将 CSA 采用与 FNS 联系起来的经验证据仍然有限，这些地区面临着土壤退化等独特挑战。本研究通过使用来自埃塞俄比亚 909 名农民的横断面数据来研究影响 CSA 采用的因素及其对 FNS 的影响，同时控制安置内生性，从而解决了这些差距。应用多元概率和内生转换回归 （ESR） 模型，我们考虑了选择偏差和内生协变量。结果显示，84% 的抽样家庭至少采用一种 CSA 做法，并且 CSA 采用者通常比未采用者表现出更高的家庭饮食多样性得分。具体来说，实施土壤肥力做法的家庭平均每天额外食用四种食物组，而采用提高产量和土壤肥力做法或提高产量和土壤侵蚀控制做法相结合的家庭则额外食用大约三种食物组。在类似的趋势中，同时采用土壤肥力和侵蚀控制措施的家庭的饮食适度增强，比同龄人多摄入两组食物。值得注意的是，作物收入的增加成为将 CSA 采用与改善 FNS 结果联系起来的引人注目的途径。 鉴于干旱易发地区土壤退化和反复出现的粮食不安全所带来的挑战，本研究强调需要通过加强信息、培训、基础设施和信贷的获取来支持 CSA 的采用，促进更具弹性的农业系统和可持续的土地利用。