Soil detachment and sediment transport are the two primary rill erosion processes. The sediment load in rill flow undergoes continuous variation due to the continuity and feedback of soil detachment and sediment transport processes, potentially impacting the soil detachment rate in the next stage. However, numerous studies focus on the soil detachment process by clear rill flow, and the few existing studies on soil detachment process by sediment-laden rill flow fail to consider the effect of soil properties. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the effect of soil properties and sediment load on the soil detachment rate by sediment-laden rill flow (Dr), decipher the variation in Dr, and establish a model equation to predict Dr, where soil properties and sediment load were introduced. An indoor rill flume simulation experiment was conducted under combinations of five soil types, five slopes, five flow discharges, and five sediment loads. The results revealed that the Dr of Shenmu sandy loess is the largest with a mean of 2.06 kg m−2 s−1, followed by Dr of Ansai loess (1.57 kg m−2 s−1), Yangling clay loess (1.37 kg m−2 s−1), Dingbian sandy loess (1.19 kg m−2 s−1), and Changwu loess (1.14 kg m−2 s−1). The effective clay content was the optimal soil property index correlation with Dr. Dr decreased with increasing sediment load and effective clay content. Variation partitioning revealed that the explanatory fraction of flow discharge was the highest (0.32), followed by the sediment load (0.21), slope (0.19), and effective clay content (0.14). There are interactions among the influencing factors in process of soil detachment. The sediment load level and effective clay content could inhibit the influence of flow discharge on the Dr. The higher the slope, flow discharge, and sediment load level, the greater the influence of the effective clay content on the Dr. Dr by sediment-laden rill flow can be modeled using a quaternary power function of the slope gradient, flow discharge, sediment load, and effective clay content (R2 = 0.863). Introducing the sediment load and effective clay content as factors in the model equation of Dr can improve the simulation precision. These findings aid in advancing the development of a physical process-based rill erosion model.

中文翻译：

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土壤有效粘土含量和沉积物负荷降低了溪流对土壤的分离率


土壤分离和沉积物输送是两个主要的沟壑侵蚀过程。由于土壤分离和沉积物输送过程的连续性和反馈，裂流中的沉积物负荷发生连续变化，可能会影响下一阶段的土壤分离率。然而，许多研究都集中在清澈的溪流引起的土壤分离过程上，而现有的少数关于含泥沙的溪流的土壤分离过程的研究没有考虑土壤性质的影响。因此，本研究分析了土壤性质和沉积物负荷对含泥沙溪流 （Dr） 土壤分离率的影响，破译了 Dr的变化，并建立了预测 Dr 的模型方程，其中引入了土壤性质和沉积物负荷。在 5 种土型、5 个斜坡、5 个流量排放和 5 个泥沙负荷的组合下进行了室内沟槽模拟实验。结果表明，神木沙质黄土博士最大，平均值为 2.06 kg m−2 s−1，其次是安塞黄土博士（1.57 kg m−2 s−1）、杨凌粘土黄土（1.37 kg m−2 s−1）、定边沙质黄土（1.19 kg m−2 s−1）和昌武黄土（1.14 kg m−2 s−1）。有效黏土含量是最佳土壤性质指数，与 Dr. Dr 的相关性随着沉积物负荷和有效黏土含量的增加而降低。变化分区显示，流量的解释分数最高 （0.32），其次是沉积物负荷 （0.21）、坡度 （0.19） 和有效粘土含量 （0.14）。土体分离过程中影响因素之间存在交互作用。沉积物载量水平和有效粘土含量可以抑制流量排放对 Dr. 坡度、流量和沉积物负荷水平越高，有效粘土含量对含泥沙溪流的影响就越大，可以使用坡度、流量、沉积物负荷和有效粘土含量的四元幂函数 （R2 = 0.863） 进行建模。在 Dr 模型方程中引入沉积物载荷和有效黏土含量作为因素可以提高模拟精度。这些发现有助于推进基于物理过程的 rill erosion 模型的开发。