We present a stylized microeconomic model to analyze solar panels and storage investment decisions of a representative consumer under either grid (credit regulation) or individual (price regulation) storage. We identify the conditions under which prosumers become storers. We show that solar technology must be more competitive under credit than price regulation for consumers to invest in storage. We calibrate our model using French data from 2023 and 2030 and consider batteries and fuel-cells as potential individual storage technologies. France’s current price regulation incentivizes investment in solar capacity, but not in storage. Conversely, credit regulation would immediately encourage energy storage. Looking ahead to 2030, both regulatory frameworks would incentivize energy storage. The distribution system operator prefers credit regulation, provided the regulator allows full energy recovery. Overall, energy storage enhances welfare under both regulatory frameworks.

中文翻译：

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专业消费者：网格与独立存储


我们提出了一个程式化的微观经济模型，用于分析电网（信用监管）或个人（价格监管）存储下代表性消费者的太阳能电池板和存储投资决策。我们确定了产消者成为储藏者的条件。我们表明，太阳能技术在信贷下必须比价格监管更具竞争力，消费者才能投资于储能。我们使用 2023 年和 2030 年的法国数据校准了我们的模型，并将电池和燃料电池视为潜在的个人存储技术。法国目前的价格监管激励了对太阳能产能的投资，但对储能的投资却没有。相反，信用监管将立即鼓励储能。展望 2030 年，这两个监管框架都将激励储能。配电系统运营商更喜欢信用监管，前提是监管机构允许完全回收能源。总体而言，在这两个监管框架下，储能都提高了福利。