This study presents the strontium isotopic composition of camelid tooth enamel from Huaca Santa Clara, Huaca Gallinazo, and Huancaco in the Virú Valley, northern Peru. These sites were occupied during the Early Intermediate Period (EIP, c. 200 BCE-600 CE) with Huaca Santa Clara and Huancaco being associated with ritual sacrifices of camelids during the late Middle Horizon (LMH, 850–950 CE for Huancaco and c. 1150 CE for Huaca Santa Clara). Most camelids had strontium isotopic compositions that fell within the predicted isotopic range for the Virú Valley. Isotopic compositions of the serially sampled teeth suggest most camelids did not move between regions with different strontium isotope baselines during enamel formation. At Huaca Gallinazo, the capital of the Virú Polity during the EIP, all the camelids appeared to be local to the lower Virú Valley. At Huaca Santa Clara, a regional administrative center, butchered individuals associated with the EIP occupation had strontium isotope ratios reflecting primarily local origins, with some evidence of individuals from the highlands. The scarified individuals at Huaca Santa Clara (late Middle Horizon) all had strontium isotope ratios consistent with a local origin in the Viru Valley. At Huancaco, some butchered (EIP) and sacrificed (LMH) camelids were local to the Virú Valley but this site may have included more individuals with higher tooth enamel 87Sr/86Sr, possibly originating in the middle and upper valley regions relative to the other two sites. These data confirm that camelid husbandry was present on the north coast at least as early as the EIP and this practice was maintained through the late Middle Horizon after the waning of north coast polities such as Virú and Moche.

中文翻译：

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秘鲁 Virú 山谷锶同位素和骆驼科动物的地理起源


本研究介绍了秘鲁北部维鲁山谷 Huaca Santa Clara、Huaca Gallinazo 和 Huancaco 的骆驼牙釉质的锶同位素组成。这些遗址在中期早期（EIP，约公元前 200 年至公元 600 年）被占领，Huaca Santa Clara 和 Huancaco 与中地平线晚期骆驼科动物的仪式祭祀有关（LMH，Huancaco 公元 850-950 年，Huaca Santa Clara，约公元 1150 年）。大多数骆驼科动物的锶同位素组成在 Virú 山谷的预测同位素范围内。连续采样牙齿的同位素组成表明，在牙釉质形成过程中，大多数骆驼科动物不会在具有不同锶同位素基线的区域之间移动。在 EIP 期间 Virú Polity 的首府 Huaca Gallinazo，所有的骆驼科动物似乎都是 Virú 山谷下游的本地物种。在区域行政中心 Huaca Santa Clara，与 EIP 职业相关的被屠宰个体的锶同位素比值主要反映了当地来源，有一些证据表明个体来自高原。Huaca Santa Clara（中期地平线晚期）的松土个体的锶同位素比值都与 Viru 山谷的当地起源一致。在 Huancaco，一些屠宰 （EIP） 和牺牲 （LMH） 骆驼科动物是 Virú 山谷的本地物种，但该遗址可能包括更多牙釉质较高 87Sr/86Sr 的个体，相对于其他两个遗址，可能起源于中上游山谷地区。这些数据证实，至少早在 EIP 之前，北海岸就存在骆驼饲养，并且在 Virú 和 Moche 等北海岸政体衰落后的中期地平线晚期一直保持这种做法。