Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are of increasing concern due to the emerging ecological and socioeconomic impacts on coastal ecosystems. Leveraging the data of the Santa Barbara Coastal Long-Term Ecological Research project, we analyzed the MHW event metrics observed in the kelp forest ecosystem and across Santa Barbara Channel, CA, USA. Not only was there a significant positive trend in the number of MHWs recorded, their duration and intensity were also increasing over time. MHWs were detected year-round, suggesting that marine organisms have exposure risks regardless of their phenology. Exposure at one life history stage could have a legacy effect on the subsequent stages, implying little temporal refuge. In contrast, the coastal mooring data revealed that near-surface and bottom events were not necessarily coupled even at less than 15 m. Such spatial variation in MHWs might provide a temporary refuge for mobile species. These observations also highlight the importance of depth-stratified, long-term coastal monitoring to understand spatio-temporal variation in MHW stress on coastal communities.

中文翻译：

---

圣巴巴拉海峡沿海海洋热浪：年代际趋势和生态影响


由于海洋热浪 （MHW） 对沿海生态系统的新生态和社会经济影响，人们越来越受到关注。利用圣巴巴拉沿海长期生态研究项目的数据，我们分析了在海带森林生态系统和美国加利福尼亚州圣巴巴拉海峡观察到的 MHW 事件指标。不仅记录的 MHW 数量呈显著的积极趋势，而且其持续时间和强度也随着时间的推移而增加。全年检测到 MHW，这表明海洋生物无论物候如何都存在暴露风险。在一个生活史阶段的暴露可能会对后续阶段产生遗留影响，这意味着几乎没有时间避难所。相比之下，沿海系泊数据显示，即使在小于 15 m 的地方，近地表和底部事件也不一定耦合。MHW 的这种空间变化可能为移动物种提供临时避难所。这些观察结果还强调了深度分层的长期沿海监测对于了解 MHW 压力对沿海社区的时空变化的重要性。