The ongoing outbreak of Marburg virus disease (MVD) in Rwanda marks the third largest historically, though it has exhibited the lowest fatality rate. Genomic analysis of samples from 18 cases identified a lineage with limited internal diversity, closely related to a 2014 Ugandan case. Our findings suggest that the Rwandan lineage diverged decades ago from a common ancestor shared with diversity sampled from bats in Uganda. Our genomic data reveals limited genetic variation, consistent with single zoonotic transmission event and limited human-to-human transmission. Investigations including contact tracing, clinical assessments, sequencing and serology, linked the index case to a mining cave inhabited by Rousettus aegyptiacus. Serology tests identified three individuals seropositive for IgG and IgM, further supporting the zoonotic origin of the outbreak through human-animal interactions.

卢旺达正在爆发的马尔堡病毒病 （MVD） 是历史上第三大疫情，尽管它的死亡率最低。对 18 例病例的样本进行基因组分析，确定了一个内部多样性有限的谱系，与 2014 年乌干达病例密切相关。我们的研究结果表明，卢旺达谱系在几十年前与从乌干达蝙蝠采样的多样性共享的共同祖先分化。我们的基因组数据揭示了有限的遗传变异，这与单一的人畜共患传播事件和有限的人际传播一致。包括接触者追踪、临床评估、测序和血清学在内的调查将指示病例与埃及红鳟（Rousettus aegyptiacus）居住的采矿洞穴联系起来。血清学检测确定了 3 名 IgG 和 IgM 血清反应阳性的个体，通过人与动物的相互作用进一步支持了疫情的人畜共患起源。