Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of global concern due to their persistence and harmful effects on human health and ecosystems. However, research on PFAS in the River Nile and across Africa is limited. This study provides the first assessment of PFAS contamination in fish livers from the River Nile in Sudan, using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) were measured, with fish downstream of Jebel Aulia Dam showing the highest concentrations: PFOS at 331 ± 36 μg/kg wet weight (ww), PFNA at 143 ± 4 μg/kg ww, PFDA at 137 ± 12 μg/kg ww, and PFUnDA at 4.0 μg/kg ww. In contrast, fish from other locations, including local markets, had undetectable PFAS levels. Three additional PFAS were tentatively identified. These results emphasize the need for further monitoring to address PFAS contamination and related food safety risks in the region.

中文翻译：

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苏丹尼罗河鱼肝样品中多氟烷基和全氟烷基物质 （PFAS） 的靶向和非靶向筛查：基线评估


多氟烷基和全氟烷基物质 （PFAS） 因其持久性和对人类健康和生态系统的有害影响而受到全球关注。然而，对尼罗河和整个非洲的 PFAS 的研究是有限的。本研究首次使用超高效液相色谱和高分辨率质谱法评估了苏丹尼罗河鱼肝中 PFAS 污染的情况。测量了全氟辛烷磺酸盐 （PFOS）、全氟壬酸 （PFNA）、全氟癸酸 （PFDA） 和全氟十一烷酸 （PFUnDA），其中 Jebel Aulia 大坝下游的鱼类显示出最高浓度：PFOS 为 331 ± 36 μg/kg （ww），PFNA 为 143 ± 4 μg/kg ww，PFDA 为 137 ± 12 μg/kg ww，PFUnDA 为 4.0 μg/kg ww。相比之下，来自其他地方（包括当地市场）的鱼的 PFAS 水平检测不到。初步确定了另外三种 PFAS。这些结果强调了进一步监测的必要性，以解决该地区的 PFAS 污染和相关食品安全风险。