Purpose

Aerodynamics plays a crucial role in enhancing the performance of race cars. Due to the low ride height, the aerodynamic components of race cars are affected by ground effects. The changes in pitch and roll attitudes during the car’s movement impact its ride height. This study aims to analyze the aerodynamic characteristics of race cars under specific pitch and roll attitudes to understand the underlying aerodynamic mechanisms. This paper focuses on the aerodynamic characteristics of racing cars under variations in body posture associated with different vehicle ride heights. It examines not only the force and pressure distribution resulting from changes in the overall vehicle posture but also the flow field behavior of both surface flow and off‑body flow. Analyzing individual components reveals the impact of the front wing on the overall aerodynamic performance and aerodynamic balance of the racing car under these posture variations.

Design/methodology/approach

The grid strategy for the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was established under baseline conditions and compared with the results from wind tunnel experiments. The CFD approach was further employed to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of the racing car under varying body postures associated with different vehicle ride heights. Emphasis is placed on the overall aerodynamic performance of the vehicle and the various components’ influence on the changing trends of aerodynamic forces. By considering the surface pressure distribution of the car, the primary reasons behind the changes in aerodynamic forces for each component are investigated. In addition, the surface flow and detached flow (wake and vortex distributions) of the car were observed to gain insights into the overall flow field behavior under different attitudes.

Findings

The findings indicate that both pitch and roll attitudes result in a considerable loss of downforce on the front wing compared with other components, thereby affecting the overall downforce and aerodynamic balance of the vehicle.

Originality/value

This paper focuses on the aerodynamic characteristics of racing cars under variations in body posture associated with different vehicle ride heights. It examines not only the force and pressure distribution resulting from changes in the overall vehicle posture but also the flow field behavior of both surface flow and off-body flow. Analyzing individual components reveals the impact of the front wing on the overall aerodynamic performance and aerodynamic balance of the racing car under these posture variations.

中文翻译：

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赛车在俯仰和滚动姿态下的空气动力学特性

 目的

空气动力学在提高赛车的性能方面起着至关重要的作用。由于行驶高度低，赛车的空气动力学部件会受到地面效应的影响。汽车运动过程中俯仰和滚动姿态的变化会影响其行驶高度。本研究旨在分析赛车在特定俯仰和滚动姿态下的空气动力学特性，以了解潜在的空气动力学机制。本文重点介绍了与不同车辆行驶高度相关的身体姿势变化下赛车的空气动力学特性。它不仅研究了车辆整体姿态变化引起的力和压力分布，还研究了表面流和离体流的流场行为。分析单个部件揭示了在这些姿态变化下，前翼对赛车整体空气动力学性能和空气动力学平衡的影响。

设计/方法/方法

计算流体动力学 （CFD） 方法的网格策略是在基线条件下建立的，并与风洞实验的结果进行了比较。进一步采用 CFD 方法研究赛车在与不同车辆行驶高度相关的不同身体姿势下的空气动力学特性。重点放在车辆的整体空气动力学性能以及各种部件对空气动力变化趋势的影响上。通过考虑汽车的表面压力分布，研究了每个部件空气动力变化的主要原因。此外，还观察了汽车的表面流和分离流（尾流和涡流分布），以深入了解不同姿态下的整体流场行为。

 发现

研究结果表明，与其他部件相比，俯仰和滚动姿态都会导致前翼的下压力损失很大，从而影响车辆的整体下压力和空气动力学平衡。

 原创性/价值

本文重点介绍了与不同车辆行驶高度相关的身体姿势变化下赛车的空气动力学特性。它不仅研究了车辆整体姿态变化引起的力和压力分布，还研究了表面流和离体流的流场行为。分析单个部件揭示了在这些姿态变化下，前翼对赛车整体空气动力学性能和空气动力学平衡的影响。