Aerostatic spindle utilizes gas as the lubricating and supporting medium, enabling it to exhibit outstanding characteristics such as high precision, low temperature rise, and environmental friendliness during operation, thereby fulfilling the requirements of high-speed machining applications. However, during the operation of the aerostatic spindle, the increase in spindle speed induces velocity effects such as centrifugal force and gyroscopic effect, which jointly act on the spindle, resulting in vibration characteristics and rotational accuracy that differ from traditional conditions. Currently, there is relatively limited research on the influence of velocity effects on the motion behavior of aerostatic spindles. Therefore, in order to investigate the impact of velocity effects on the vibration characteristics and rotational accuracy of aerostatic spindles, a bearing-rotor system dynamics model based on velocity effects was established. The study found that velocity effects can increase the vibration amplitude and rotational errors of the spindle, and this influence intensifies as the spindle speed increases. Therefore, in the actual operation of the aerostatic spindle, the impact of the velocity effect cannot be neglected. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the dynamic prediction of the performance of the aerostatic spindle system and the optimal design of the spindle system.

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速度效应对空气静压主轴运动特性影响的研究


空气静压主轴以气体为润滑和支撑介质，使其在运行过程中表现出高精度、低温升和环保等突出特性，从而满足高速加工应用的要求。然而，在空气静力主轴运行过程中，主轴转速的增加会引起离心力和陀螺效应等速度效应，这些效应共同作用在主轴上，导致不同于传统条件的振动特性和旋转精度。目前，关于速度效应对空气静压主轴运动行为影响的研究相对有限。因此，为了研究速度效应对空气静压主轴振动特性和旋转精度的影响，建立了基于速度效应的轴承-转子系统动力学模型。研究发现，速度效应会增加主轴的振动幅度和旋转误差，并且这种影响会随着主轴转速的增加而加剧。因此，在空气静压主轴的实际运行中，速度效应的影响不容忽视。本研究为空气静压主轴系统性能的动力学预测和主轴系统的优化设计提供了重要的理论依据。