Microplastic (MPs) can adsorb co-existing pollutants, and alter their behavior and toxicity. Meanwhile, amide herbicides like acetochlor (ACT) are widely used in agriculture, with potential endocrine-disrupting effects that raise ecological concerns. The aim of this research was to examine the effects of MPs on the reproductive endocrine disruption caused by ACT and the effects of maternal transmission. Zebrafish were employed in this study to assess the reproductive toxicity of ACT alone and in combination with polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) of different sizes (200 nm and 2 μm) and concentrations (0.1 and 1 mg/L) over a 63-day exposure experiment. The results indicated that ACT was concentrated in zebrafish tissues in the order: intestine > liver > gill > brain > gonad > muscle. PS-MPs increased ACT bioaccumulation, worsened gonadal damage, led to abnormalities in hormone levels, and caused disruptions in HPG axis gene expression, further exacerbating the reproductive toxicity. Maternal transfer of ACT affected offspring growth, thyroid function, and HPT axis gene expression, with nanoplastics (NPS) amplifying these adverse effects. This study offers crucial insights into the ecological hazards posed by ACT and PS-MPs, emphasizing the increased toxicity due to PS-MPs.

中文翻译：

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聚苯乙烯微塑料加剧了乙草胺诱导的斑马鱼生殖毒性和跨代效应


微塑料 （MP） 可以吸附共存的污染物，并改变其行为和毒性。同时，乙草胺 （ACT） 等酰胺类除草剂广泛用于农业，具有潜在的内分泌干扰作用，引发了生态问题。本研究的目的是检查 MP 对 ACT 引起的生殖内分泌干扰的影响以及孕产妇传播的影响。在本研究中，斑马鱼用于评估 ACT 单独和与不同尺寸 （200 nm 和 2 μm） 和浓度 （0.1 和 1 mg/L） 的聚苯乙烯微塑料 （PS-MPs） 联合使用在 63 天的暴露实验中的生殖毒性。结果表明，ACT在斑马鱼组织中的集中程度依次为：肠道>肝脏>鳃>大脑>性腺>肌肉。PS-MPs 增加了 ACT 的生物蓄积，加剧了性腺损伤，导致激素水平异常，并导致 HPG 轴基因表达中断，进一步加剧了生殖毒性。ACT 的母体转移影响了后代的生长、甲状腺功能和 HPT 轴基因表达，纳米塑料 （NPS） 放大了这些不利影响。这项研究为 ACT 和 PS-MP 造成的生态危害提供了重要见解，强调了 PS-MP 引起的毒性增加。