Flight safety during the motion of a descent spacecraft in the Earth's atmosphere primarily depends on the reliability of the heat-protective layer on its surface. Such layers typically consist of ablative carbon-based composite materials. This study of the ablation phenomenon is carried out from the point of view of the mechanical spallation of carbon microparticles from the graphite surface at a strong shock wave reflection from it. During the experiments, the emission of ablation products from the graphite surface behind the reflected shock wave was recorded including time profiles of the radiation and the time-integrated emission spectrum in the visible/infrared spectral range. Analysis of the obtained experimental data and theoretical estimations allow one to conclude that the main mechanism of the graphite surface ablation under the action of a strong shock wave is the mechanical spallation of carbon microparticles from the surface of the sample.

中文翻译：

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强激波与石墨表面相互作用下散裂现象的激波管研究


下降航天器在地球大气层中运动期间的飞行安全性主要取决于其表面隔热层的可靠性。这种层通常由烧蚀碳基复合材料组成。这种烧蚀现象的研究是从碳微粒在强冲击波反射下从石墨表面的机械剥落的角度进行的。在实验过程中，记录了反射冲击波后面石墨表面的烧蚀产物发射，包括辐射的时间剖面和可见光/红外光谱范围内的时间积分发射光谱。对获得的实验数据和理论估计的分析可以得出结论，在强激波作用下石墨表面烧蚀的主要机制是碳微粒从样品表面的机械剥落。