Accessibility, the ease of interacting with potential opportunities, is an increasingly important tool among transport planners aiming to foster equitable and sustainable cities. However, in accessibility research there is a historical focus on employment destinations that is shaped by a masculinist transportation planning tradition. This paper aims to counter this gendered bias by connecting the Mobility of Care framework, a gender-aware transport planning conceptualisation to an empirical accessibility analysis of care destinations in the City of Hamilton, Canada. Care destinations are all the places one must visit to sustain household needs such shopping, errands, and caring for others. This paper considers access to care across different modes of transport at two travel time thresholds (trips shorter than 15-min and 30-min) using a curated care destination dataset. The accessibility methods used includes the cumulative opportunities measure and a competitive and singly-constrained accessibility measure (spatial availability) for different modes. Overall, results indicate that accessibility by car is exceptionally high across the city, while access by public transit, cycling and foot is relatively low with some exceptions in the inner city. Notably, there are distinctions between both methods: cumulative opportunities illustrates a more optimistic potential interaction landscape for non-car modes, while the spatial availability measure demonstrates a theoretically more realistic spatial distribution of care destination availability of potential interaction. Neighbourhoods with both low spatial availability to care and a high proportion of low-income households are also identified and discussed as areas in need of intervention. The manuscript and analysis is computationally reproducible and openly available. The presented analysis demonstrates methods planners can use to apply a gender-aware lens to accessibility analysis. Further, results can inform policies aiming to encourage sustainable mobility.

中文翻译：

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通过可及性措施探索护理的移动性


可达性，即与潜在机会互动的便利性，是旨在建设公平和可持续城市的交通规划者越来越重要的工具。然而，在无障碍研究中，历史上对就业目的地的关注是由男性主义的交通规划传统塑造的。本文旨在通过将护理流动性框架（一种性别感知的交通规划概念化）与加拿大汉密尔顿市护理目的地的实证可及性分析联系起来，来对抗这种性别偏见。护理目的地是人们必须访问的所有地方，以维持家庭需求，例如购物、跑腿和照顾他人。本文使用精选的护理目的地数据集，考虑了在两个旅行时间阈值（行程短于 15 分钟和 30 分钟）的不同交通方式获得护理的机会。使用的可达性方法包括累积机会度量和不同模式的竞争性和单一约束的可达性度量（空间可用性）。总体而言，结果表明，整个城市驾车的可达性非常高，而公共交通、骑自行车和步行的可达性相对较低，市中心有一些例外。值得注意的是，这两种方法之间存在差异：累积机会说明了非汽车模式更乐观的潜在交互景观，而空间可用性度量表明理论上更现实的护理目的地潜在交互可用性的空间分布。空间可用性低且低收入家庭比例高的社区也被确定和讨论为需要干预的领域。 手稿和分析在计算上是可重复的，并且是公开可用的。所提出的分析展示了规划者可以用来将性别感知镜头应用于无障碍分析的方法。此外，结果可以为旨在鼓励可持续出行的政策提供信息。