The texture of fruit skin is a significant aspect of its appearance quality and serves as an essential breeding trait. The surface of pear fruit develops a cork layer, resulting in either a full russet appearance or localized russet spots. Among these, the localized russet spots significantly diminish the aesthetic appeal of the fruit and are considered undesirable for breeding purposes. These spots on pear fruits are also referred to as partial-russet or semi-russet, which exhibits quantitative genetic characteristics that is environmentally induced. When the full russet gene locus is present, it masks the effect of the semi-russet loci, leading to bias in studying this trait within populations and increasing difficulties in its investigation. This review aims to elucidate the research progresses on the genetic and molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying pear fruit semi-russet, propose methodologies for constructing populations suitable for genetic studies on this trait, identify key factors crucial for ensuring accurate investigations into environmental inducement traits, and outline candidate gene selection secret informed by molecular regulatory mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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破译环境诱导梨果实半赤褐色的遗传和分子调控机制：研究进展


果皮的质地是其外观质量的一个重要方面，是重要的育种性状。梨果实的表面形成软木层，导致完整的赤褐色外观或局部赤褐色斑点。其中，局部的赤褐色斑点大大降低了果实的审美吸引力，被认为不适合用于繁殖目的。梨果实上的这些斑点也被称为部分赤褐色或半赤褐色，它们表现出环境诱导的数量遗传特征。当存在完整的赤褐色基因位点时，它会掩盖半赤褐色基因座的影响，导致在种群中研究该性状时出现偏差，并增加其研究的难度。本文旨在阐明梨果实半赤褐色的遗传和分子调控机制的研究进展，提出构建适合该性状遗传研究的种群的方法，确定确保准确研究环境诱导性状的关键因素，并概述分子调控机制告知的候选基因选择秘密。