Indoor air pollution can be extensively reduced by using a molecular air filtration system. However, widely utilized synthetic polymer-based filtration medium can lead to waste management difficulty after use. Consequently, this work aimed to synthesize highly efficient air nano-filters derived from renewable and biodegradable resources namely EFB and Pulp. The study successfully presented an air filter from 100 % natural cellulose using a facile physical multilayer filter fabrication method. A combination of chemical and mechanical treatment was applied to prepare nanocellulose. The chemical composition analysis showed that 66–67 % nanocellulose yield was efficiently isolated from both raw materials. The highest particle filtration efficiency (PFE) of 97.30 % (0.3 μm particle size) greater than that of commercial HEPA filters was achieved from multilayer acid-derived microfiber@mechanically treated nanofibers from EFB with low-pressure drop of 11.56 mm H2O. When %PFE and pressure drop were taken into consideration, all single-layer and multilayer-patterned fiber filters in this study provided high quality factor (QF) beyond 0.01 Pa−1 which is the target of the air filter. The findings revealed that the pattern-layer filters through TBA-induced freezing-drying technique could achieve the removal of microbial model and Particulate Matters (PM1.0) represented as 0.1 and 0.3 μm particles, at the very low-pressure drop. Therefore, this study not only enhances the value of natural lignocellulosic wastes but also presents inspiring concepts for creating biodegradable cellulose-based air filters that will pave the way to more eco-friendliness and sustainability for synthetic filter replacement.

中文翻译：

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制造从天然生物质中分离的多层纤维素过滤器，用于高效空气过滤，以取代合成 HEPA 过滤器


通过使用分子空气过滤系统，可以大大减少室内空气污染。然而，广泛使用的基于合成聚合物的过滤介质在使用后会导致废物管理困难。因此，这项工作旨在合成源自可再生和可生物降解资源（即 EFB 和 Pulp）的高效空气纳米过滤器。该研究使用简单的物理多层过滤器制造方法成功地提出了一种由 100% 天然纤维素制成的空气过滤器。采用化学和机械处理相结合的方式制备纳米纤维素。化学成分分析表明，从两种原材料中有效分离出 66-67% 的纳米纤维素产率。与商用 HEPA 过滤器相比，颗粒过滤效率 （PFE） 最高，比商用 HEPA 过滤器高 97.30%（0.3 μm 粒径），来自 EFB 的多层酸衍生microfiber@mechanically处理纳米纤维，低压降为 11.56 mm H2O。当考虑到 %PFE 和压降时，本研究中的所有单层和多层图案纤维过滤器都提供了超过 0.01 Pa-1 的高质量因数 （QF），这是空气过滤器的目标。研究结果显示，通过 TBA 诱导的冻干技术，花纹层过滤器可以在极低的压降下去除以 0.1 和 0.3 μm 颗粒表示的微生物模型和颗粒物 （PM1.0）。因此，这项研究不仅提高了天然木质纤维素废物的价值，而且还为创造可生物降解的纤维素基空气过滤器提出了鼓舞人心的概念，这将为合成过滤器替代品的更环保和可持续性铺平道路。