In this work, the steady‐state spatial temperature distribution in commercial high‐efficiency crystalline silicon PV modules is studied using different FEM‐based thermal models that encompass conductive, convective, and radiative heat transfer mechanisms. The results show that the lateral temperature distribution within the PV module depends on the module inclination angle and may be highly inhomogeneous, with a temperature difference of ≈5 °C between its warmest and coolest solar cells. Furthermore, It is demonstrated that wind plays a crucial role in determining the operating temperature of PV devices. Specifically, it is shown that forced convection has an even more significant positive effect at higher wind speeds and larger PV module dimensions since the transformation of laminar to turbulent wind contributes to additional cooling. Finally, the power losses associated with the lateral temperature variations across the PV module are analyzed. The results show that the effect of temperature inhomogeneity plays a negligible role in the performance of standard single‐junction silicon PV modules due to a very small temperature coefficient of the solar cell short‐circuit current.

中文翻译：

---

通过不同的基于有限元方法的热建模方法揭示晶体硅 PV 组件内的温度分布


在这项工作中，使用不同的基于 FEM 的热模型（包括传导、对流和辐射传热机制）研究了商用高效晶体硅光伏组件中的稳态空间温度分布。结果表明，光伏组件内的横向温度分布取决于组件的倾斜角度，并且可能高度不均匀，其最热和最冷的太阳能电池之间的温差为 ≈5 °C。此外，研究表明，风在决定光伏设备的工作温度方面起着至关重要的作用。具体来说，研究表明，强制对流在更高的风速和更大的光伏组件尺寸下具有更显着的积极影响，因为层流风向湍流风的转变有助于额外的冷却。最后，分析了与整个 PV 组件的横向温度变化相关的功率损耗。结果表明，由于太阳能电池短路电流的温度系数非常小，温度不均匀性的影响对标准单结硅光伏组件的性能影响可以忽略不计。