Fosamprenavir (FPV) is combined with other drugs to manage human immunodeficiency virus infection patients. This prodrug was created to address the solubility issue of the parent protease inhibitor medication, amprenavir. Based on photopolymerization (PP) with p-aminophenol (PAP) functional monomer and electropolymerization (EP) with p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) functional monomer, this work reported the effective invention of two distinct imprinting techniques for the specific and precise detection of FPV. The proposed sensors were characterized through the application of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and various electrochemical techniques. For both approaches, the necessary optimization research was carried out. The analytical characteristics of PP-FPV@MIP/GCE and EP-FPV@MIP/GCE sensors were assessed. The sensors' performance parameters were validated and compared, after constructing the most optimal MIP-integrated electrochemical sensors. In both standard preparations and commercial human serum preparations, for PP-FPV@MIP/GCE and EP-FPV@MIP/GCE, the linear ranges are 1.0-17.5 pM and 1.0-10.0 pM, respectively. In standard preparations, the limits of detection (LOD) for PP-FPV@MIP/GCE and EP-FPV@MIP/GCE were 2.84 × 10⁻¹³ M and 2.27 × 10⁻¹³ M, respectively, whereas in serum preparations, they were 2.48 × 10⁻¹³ M and 2.38 × 10⁻¹³ M. The developed electrochemical sensors show excellent recovery values when used to evaluate FPV in tablet preparations and commercial blood samples. The selective capability of the sensors towards FPV was investigated in the presence of comparable antiviral drugs. The impacts of ions, possible biological substances, and storage stability were investigated for the developed sensors. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to analyze the interaction energies between the template and functional monomers, providing insights into the interactions. These calculations complemented the experimental optimization of the template:monomer ratio by helping to understand the overall trends in molecular interactions.

中文翻译：

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构建基于选择性和敏感 MIP 的电化学传感器测定 fosamprenavir：光聚合与电聚合技术的比较研究


Fosamprenavir （FPV） 与其他药物联合用于治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒感染患者。这种前药的创建是为了解决母体蛋白酶抑制剂药物 amprenavir 的溶解度问题。基于对氨基苯酚 （PAP） 功能单体的光聚合 （PP） 和对氨基苯甲酸 （PABA） 功能单体的电聚合 （EP），这项工作报道了两种不同印迹技术的有效发明，用于特异性和精确检测 FPV。通过扫描电子显微镜 （SEM） 、傅里叶变换红外光谱 （FTIR） 和各种电化学技术的应用对所提出的传感器进行了表征。对于这两种方法，都进行了必要的优化研究。评估了 PP-FPV@MIP/GCE 和 EP-FPV@MIP/GCE 传感器的分析特性。在构建最佳的 MIP 集成电化学传感器后，对传感器的性能参数进行了验证和比较。在标准制剂和市售人血清制剂中，PP-FPV@MIP/GCE 和 EP-FPV@MIP/GCE 的线性范围分别为 1.0-17.5 pM 和 1.0-10.0 pM。在标准制剂中，PP-FPV@MIP/GCE 和 EP-FPV@MIP/GCE 的检测限 （LOD） 分别为 2.84 × 10 ⁻¹³ M 和 2.27 × 10 ⁻¹³ M，而在血清制剂中，分别为 2.48 × 10 ⁻¹³ M 和 2.38 × 10 ⁻¹³ M。开发的电化学传感器在用于评估片剂制剂和市售血液样品中的 FPV 时显示出优异的回收率。在类似的抗病毒药物存在下研究了传感器对 FPV 的选择性能力。 对开发的传感器的离子、可能的生物物质和储存稳定性的影响进行了调查。采用密度泛函理论 （DFT） 计算来分析模板和功能单体之间的相互作用能，从而深入了解相互作用。这些计算通过帮助了解分子相互作用的总体趋势，补充了模板：单体比率的实验优化。