Non-medicinal parts of honeysuckle, including leaves, vines, and stems, are rich in bioactive compounds but are often discarded, leading to resource wastage and environmental pollution. Meanwhile, the reliance on traditional animal feed supplemented with antibiotics has raised critical concerns regarding environmental pollution and potential health risks. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of preserving the bioactive components from honeysuckle residues through ensiling as an alternative to antibiotics in animal feed. The effects of various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants —Pediococcus pentosaceus G18, PC2–1(F2), and Lentilactobacillus buchneri (formerly Lactobacillus buchneri) PC-C1—on the fermentation quality and bioactive compounds in honeysuckle residue silages were investigated. Fermentation characteristics, chemical composition, and bioactive compounds retention were analyzed after 14, 30, and 60 days of storage period. Inoculated silages exhibited a significant pH reduction (from 5.6 to 3.4), about 10 % decrease in crude fiber (CF), and increased lactic acid content to 7.4 g/kg compared to controls. Specifically, silages inoculated with P. pentosaceus PC2–1(F2) and L. buchneri PC-C1 preserved up to 45 % of chlorogenic acids and 99 % of rutin (RUT), luteolin (LUT), and luteoloside (LUTG) after 14 days of ensiling, significantly higher than other treatments and trace levels observed after 60 days. Moreover, these treatments enhanced crude protein (CP) content by 28 % after 14 days while reducing acid detergent fiber (ADF) to 35.17 % DM. Besides, the lower acid detergent lignin (ADL) content (8.37 % DM) recorded in honeysuckle residue silages compared to traditional feeds supports better digestibility and reduced reliance on protein supplements, establishing honeysuckle residue silages as a valuable alternative feed source. This study further suggests that a 14-day ensiling period is optimal for maximizing silage quality and bioactive compound retention, indicating that LAB-inoculated honeysuckle silages can be effectively used as a nutritious feed additive for ruminants, offering environmental and nutritional benefits.

中文翻译：

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接种乳酸菌的金银花渣青贮饲料中的发酵曲线和生物活性成分保留率：可持续农业的有前途的饲料添加剂


金银花的非药用部分，包括叶、藤和茎，富含生物活性化合物，但经常被丢弃，导致资源浪费和环境污染。与此同时，对补充抗生素的传统动物饲料的依赖引发了人们对环境污染和潜在健康风险的严重担忧。本研究旨在评估通过青贮作为动物饲料中抗生素的替代品来保存金银花残留物中生物活性成分的潜力。研究了各种乳酸菌 （LAB） 接种剂——戊糖片球菌 G18、PC2-1（F2） 和布氏豆芽孢杆菌（以前的布氏乳杆菌）PC-C1——对金银花渣青贮饲料中发酵品质和生物活性成分的影响。分析贮藏 14 、 30 和 60 天后的发酵特性、化学成分和生物活性化合物保留率。与对照组相比，接种的青贮饲料的 pH 值显著降低（从 5.6 降低到 3.4），粗纤维 （CF） 减少约 10%，乳酸含量增加到 7.4 g/kg。具体来说，接种了戊糖假单胞菌 PC2-1（F2） 和布氏乳杆菌 PC-C1 的青贮饲料在青贮 14 天后保留了高达 45% 的绿原酸和 99% 的芦丁 （RUT）、木犀草素 （LUT） 和木犀草苷 （LUTG），明显高于其他处理和 60 天后观察到的痕量水平。此外，这些处理在 14 天后将粗蛋白 （CP） 含量提高了 28%，同时将酸性洗涤纤维 （ADF） 降低到 35.17% DM。此外，较低的酸性洗涤剂木质素 （ADL） 含量 （8.与传统饲料相比，金银花渣青贮饲料中记录的 37% DM） 支持更好的消化率并减少对蛋白质补充剂的依赖，使金银花渣青贮饲料成为有价值的替代饲料来源。这项研究进一步表明，14 天的青贮期是最大限度地提高青贮饲料质量和生物活性化合物保留的最佳选择，这表明接种 LAB 的金银花青贮饲料可以有效地用作反刍动物的营养饲料添加剂，提供环境和营养效益。