Atrial fibrillation leads to severe diseases such as heart failure and strokes. While catheter ablation is prevalent for the treatment, existing techniques hardly can achieve both tissue selectivity and ablation uniformity. Here, we propose a bioinspired strategy for balloon-based pulsed field ablation (PFA) systems based on “flounder” electrodes. Inspired by a flounder skeleton and citrus peels, the microfabricated electrodes are ultrathin, stretchable, and have a scattered configuration, withstanding large balloon deformation (87% compression), high voltage (1200 volts), and owning exceptional tissue conformability (720° twists). Mechanical-electrical coupled stimulation optimizes balloon electrodes with hemispherical electric field uniformity. A water lily–inspired transfer printing method enables one-step integration of multielectrodes with the balloon. A comprehensive PFA system is complemented, achieving ablation depths of 3.8 millimeters (potato), 3.1 millimeters (rabbit), and 2.3 millimeters (swine) with good uniformity and electrophysiological isolation. These results shed light on the quantitative design of PFA systems, with high potential for more precise, safe, and effective catheter ablation therapies.

中文翻译：

---

仿生球囊导管在高压下与可拉伸的“比目鱼”电极集成，用于均匀脉冲场消融


心房颤动会导致严重的疾病，例如心力衰竭和中风。虽然导管消融术在治疗中很普遍，但现有技术几乎无法同时实现组织选择性和消融均匀性。在这里，我们为基于“比目鱼”电极的基于球囊的脉冲场消融 （PFA） 系统提出了一种仿生策略。受比目鱼骨架和柑橘皮的启发，微加工电极超薄、可拉伸且具有分散配置，可承受大球囊变形（87% 压缩）、高电压（1200 伏），并具有出色的组织顺应性（720° 扭曲）。机械-电耦合刺激以半球形电场均匀性优化球囊电极。受睡莲启发的转移印刷方法可实现多电极与球囊的一步集成。补充了全面的 PFA 系统，实现了 3.8 毫米（马铃薯）、3.1 毫米（兔子）和 2.3 毫米（猪）的消融深度，具有良好的均匀性和电生理隔离。这些结果揭示了 PFA 系统的定量设计，具有更精确、安全和有效的导管消融治疗的巨大潜力。