An energy criterion model of coal and gas outbursts was established to study the energy conversion mechanism. Ideal gas law was utilized to establish a correlation between dissipated energy (i.e., energy dissipated during outbursts) and accumulated energy (potential energy leading to outbursts) in gas-containing briquettes. This relationship, along with the expression for the energy criterion, was derived from the deformation of briquettes under load, which led to instability and eventual failure expulsion. Hence, physical simulation experiments on coal and gas outbursts were conducted to analyze the energy conversion mechanism and to determine the change law of the initiation energy criterion index for outbursts. Besides, energy conditions were verified for the initiation of coal and gas outbursts. Potential energy includes the expansive deformation energy of adsorbed gas desorption, the expansive deformation energy of free gas, the elastic potential energy of gas-bearing briquettes under the stored load, and the gravitational potential energy work of unstable coal. Besides, the dissipation energy of outbursts included coal-crushing energy and coal-throwing power. The potential energy-to-dissipation energy ratios of outbursts were 1.07 and 1.04 in two groups of experiments. These values greater than 1 surpassed the threshold of the activation energy criterion, resulting in coal and gas outbursts. The firmness coefficient and Poisson's ratio of coal were negatively correlated with the energy criterion index, while the elasticity modulus, density, and initial velocity of gas emissions were positively correlated with the energy criterion index. The five experimental parameters (i.e., initial gas pressure, coal amount, maximum principal stress, average velocity of coal outbursts, and falling height of unstable coal) were positively correlated with the energy criterion index. The findings provide further insight into the mechanism of coal and gas outbursts, establishing a basis for their control, prevention, and dynamic warning systems.

建立了煤与瓦斯突出的能量准则模型，研究了能量转换机制。理想气体定律用于建立含气煤球中耗散能量（即爆发期间耗散的能量）和累积能量（导致爆发的势能）之间的相关性。这种关系以及能量准则的表达式源自压块在负载下的变形，这会导致不稳定并最终失效排出。因此，对煤和瓦斯突出进行了物理模拟实验，分析了突出的能量转换机制，确定了突出起动能准则指标的变化规律。此外，还验证了煤和天然气突出引发的能源条件。势能包括吸附气体解吸的膨胀变形能、自由气的膨胀变形能、含气煤球在储存载荷下的弹性势能和不稳定煤的重力势能功。此外，突出的消散能量包括碎煤能量和抛煤动力。在两组实验中，爆发的势能耗散能量比分别为 1.07 和 1.04。这些大于 1 的值超过了活化能准则的阈值，导致煤和天然气爆发。煤的硬度系数和泊松比与能量标准指数呈负相关，而弹性模量、密度和气体排放的初始速度与能量标准指数呈正相关。五个实验参数（即、初始瓦斯压力、煤量、最大主应力、煤突出平均速度、不稳定煤下落高度）与能量准则指数呈正相关。这些发现为煤和天然气突出的机制提供了进一步的见解，为它们的控制、预防和动态预警系统奠定了基础。