Mung bean (Vigna radiata), an essential annual legume, holds substantial value in global agriculture due to its short growth cycle, low input requirements, and nutritional benefits. Despite extensive domestication, the genetic mechanisms underlying its morphological and physiological evolution remain incompletely understood. In this study, we present a gap-free, telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of the mung bean cultivar 'Weilv-9', achieved through the integration of PacBio HiFi, Oxford Nanopore, and Hi-C sequencing technologies. The 500 Mb assembly, encompassing 11 chromosomes and containing 28,740 protein-coding genes, reveals that 49.17% of the genome comprises repetitive sequences. Within the genome, we found the recent amplification of transposable elements significantly impacts the expression of nearby genes. Furthermore, integrating structural variation and SNP data from resequencing, we identified that the fatty acid synthesis, suberin biosynthetic, and phenylpropanoid metabolic processes have undergone strong selection during domestication. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms driving domestication and offer a foundation for future genetic enhancement and breeding programs in mung beans and related species.

中文翻译：

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绿豆 （Vigna radiata） 的端粒到端粒、无间隙基因组为结构变异下的驯化提供了见解


绿豆 （Vigna radiata） 是一种重要的一年生豆科植物，由于其生长周期短、投入需求低和营养价值高，在全球农业中具有重要价值。尽管进行了广泛的驯化，但其形态和生理进化背后的遗传机制仍不完全清楚。在这项研究中，我们提出了绿豆品种 'Weilv-9' 的无间隙端粒到端粒基因组组装，这是通过整合 PacBio HiFi、Oxford Nanopore 和 Hi-C 测序技术实现的。500 Mb 组装体包含 11 条染色体，包含 28,740 个蛋白质编码基因，显示 49.17% 的基因组由重复序列组成。在基因组中，我们发现最近转座因子的扩增显着影响附近基因的表达。此外，整合结构变异和来自重测序的 SNP 数据，我们确定脂肪酸合成、软木脂蛋白生物合成和苯丙烷类代谢过程在驯化过程中经历了强烈的选择。这些发现为驱动驯化的遗传机制提供了有价值的见解，并为未来绿豆和相关物种的遗传增强和育种计划提供了基础。