Gastroesophageal reflux disease occurs when the barrier at the esophagogastric junction is weakened, allowing for transient relaxations of the lower esophageal sphincter or disruption of the esophagogastric junction. This leads to the refluxate traveling up the esophagus, and potentially into the pharynx, where it can be aspirated into the airway. The refluxate can cause a range of symptoms, including sore throat, coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, which may occur with or without visible airway inflammation. Both experimental and clinical studies have shown that aspirated refluxate can directly damage the airway lining and trigger immune responses that contribute to airway injury and inflammation. While traditional diagnostic tests for gastroesophageal reflux disease can identify abnormal reflux patterns, there is a need for more specific methods to predict airway inflammation or therapeutic outcomes related to reflux aspiration.

中文翻译：

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胃食管反流在气道炎症中的作用。


当食管胃交界处的屏障减弱时，就会发生胃食管反流病，导致食管下括约肌短暂松弛或食管胃交界处破裂。这导致反流物沿着食道向上移动，并可能进入咽部，在那里它可以被吸入气道。反流会引起一系列症状，包括喉咙痛、咳嗽、喘息和呼吸急促，这些症状可能伴有或不伴有可见的气道炎症。实验和临床研究表明，吸入的反流物会直接损害气道内膜并触发免疫反应，从而导致气道损伤和炎症。虽然传统的胃食管反流病诊断测试可以识别异常的反流模式，但需要更具体的方法来预测气道炎症或与反流误吸相关的治疗结果。