This study evaluates heavy metal (Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb, and As) contamination in the Pescara River, Italy, using Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence, focusing on the impact of Bussi landfills. Analyses revealed that most heavy metals exceed WHO drinking water standards, particularly in upstream areas near industrial sites. Pollution indices resulted: Nemerow Pollution Index (0.43–23.75), Contamination Factor (0.09–104.49), Pollution Load Index (0.14–5.83), Heavy Metal Pollution Index (1.01–1304). Ecological Risk Index identified severe ecosystem threats in one-third of samples, while Human Health Risk Assessment revealed substantial non-carcinogenic risks with Hazard Quotients exceeding safety thresholds for both adults (3.57) and children (2.00). Specific concerns emerge for children's exposure due to their enhanced vulnerability to heavy metal toxicity. Water Quality Index classified 46.6 % of samples as “Very Poor” for drinking purposes. Principal component analysis and Pearson's correlation indicated anthropogenic sources as primary contributors, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable management strategies.

中文翻译：

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佩斯卡拉河（意大利南部）重金属污染：基于全反射 X 射线荧光分析的风险评估


本研究使用全反射 X 射线荧光评估了意大利佩斯卡拉河的重金属（铬、铁、镍、铜、锌、汞、铅和砷）污染，重点关注 Bussi 垃圾填埋场的影响。分析显示，大多数重金属超过了 WHO 饮用水标准，尤其是在工业场所附近的上游地区。得出的污染指数：Nemerow 污染指数 （0.43–23.75）、污染系数 （0.09–104.49）、污染负荷指数 （0.14–5.83）、重金属污染指数 （1.01–1304）。生态风险指数在三分之一的样本中确定了严重的生态系统威胁，而人类健康风险评估揭示了巨大的非致癌风险，危害商数超过成人 （3.57） 和儿童 （2.00） 的安全阈值。由于儿童对重金属毒性的脆弱性增强，因此出现了对儿童暴露的具体担忧。水质指数将 46.6% 的样品归类为“非常差”的饮用水。主成分分析和 Pearson 相关性表明人为来源是主要贡献者，突出了对可持续管理策略的迫切需求。